A one-step electrodeposition method was developed to simultaneously prepare multifunctional superhydrophobic/superoleophilic coatings on cathodic and anodic magnesium surfaces, which was conducted in an ethanol solution containing magnesium nitrate and myristic acid. The morphology, wettability and chemical composition were characterized, which indicated that the low surface energy material (magnesium myristate) and hierarchical structures were generated on surfaces of the anode and cathode during this process. Water contact angles (CAs) of the coatings were greater than 150 • and sliding angles (SAs) were less than 6 • . Moreover, contact angles of olive oil, benzene, methylbenzene and dichloromethane were 0 • . The corrosion potentials (E corr ) of the anodic and cathodic superhydrophobic/superoleophilic coatings increased and corrosion current density (i corr ) decreased by 2 orders of magnitude, showing excellent corrosion resistance. Oil absorption tests showed that the superhydrophobic and superoleophilic property remained and the oil absorption capacities of the prepared coatings were 4.65 g/g and 7.62 g/g respectively even after 10 times of oil absorption and deoiling. Moreover, the anodic and cathodic superhydrophobic/superoleophilic coatings exhibited outstanding self-cleaning ability, chemical, long-term storage and mechanical stabilities. Since the substrates are bulk materials, this method may have a promising future in enlarging the applications of magnesium alloys. Solid surfaces with special wettability, such as superhydrophobic (with a water CA higher than 150• and SA less than 10 • ) or superoleophilic surfaces (with an oil CA less than 10• ) have been intensively studied due to their practical applications in diverse areas, such as self-cleaning, anti-fouling, anti-corrosion and oil/water separation.1-7 The research on biological surfaces, such as lotus leaves, rose petals, water striders, butterfly wings and rice leaves [8][9][10][11][12] has demonstrated that the superhydrophobic/superoleophilic properties of a surface are governed by the surface chemistry and unique micro/nanostructures. Up to now, numerous methods have been reported in constructing superhydrophobic/superoleophilic surfaces including chemical vapor deposition, 13 chemical etching, 14-16 hydrothermal, 17 sol-gel, 18 electrospinning, 19,20 laser treatment of surface. 21 However, many methods emphasize the coexistence of the low surface energy and surface roughness to obtain superhydrophobicity, resulting in lots of tedious treatments or involving expensive materials. Luckily, electrodeposition has been emerged as an effective technique to fabricate superhydrophobic/superoleophilic surfaces because it has advantages of easy control, simplicity, low temperature, low cost and the ability to make large-area surfaces. [22][23][24] Currently, a large number of published works are focused on fabricating superhydrophobic films on cathodic surfaces by electrodeposition method.25-28 Unfortunately, few published literature concerne...