One-step nucleic acid amplification—a molecular method for the detection of lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients; results of the German study group

Schem, Christian; Maass, Nicolaì; Bauerschlag, Dirk; Carstensen, M. H.; Löning, Thomas; Röder, Christian; Batic, Olivera; Jonat, W.; Tiemann, Katharina

doi:10.1007/s00428-008-0703-9

Cited by 100 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The study by Schem et al 60 reported a sensitivity of 98.1% and a specificity of 91.7% for OSNA compared with five-level histopathology. After adjustment for TAB, sensitivity increased to 100% and specificity to 96.5%.…”

Section: Single-gate Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study reported by Schem et al 60 provides minimal information on patient characteristics or recruitment. Five-level histology was used as the reference standard and the outcome assessors were blinded.…”

Section: Metasinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study by Schem et al 60 considered the performance of OSNA compared with that of five-level histology. This two-centre study used a blinded, single-gate, experimental design and analysed 343 ALNs.…”

Section: Assessment Of Clinical Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These will fall below the threshold for OSNA and Metasin and are generally considered LN negative as their clinical significance is unknown. 60 The majority of included studies comply with a single-gate design, in which a single sample of individuals with unknown metastatic status is assessed by both the diagnostic test under scrutiny and the reference standard. No studies utilising a two-gate design, in which the test under scrutiny is performed on a sample that includes individuals with known metastatic status (using the reference standard), were identified.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sixteen test accuracy papers were included for OSNA, [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] with two papers reporting the same study. Two unpublished papers 40,66 for Metasin were identified and assessed using the Standards for the Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) in Table 7.…”

Section: Number and Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review and economic evaluation of intraoperative tests [RD-100i one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) system and Metasin test] for detecting sentinel lymph node metastases in breast cancer

Huxley

Jones-Hughes

Snowsill

et al. 2015

Health Technology Assessment

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BackgroundIn breast cancer patients, sentinel lymph node biopsy is carried out at the same time as the removal of the primary tumour to postoperatively test with histopathology for regional metastases in the sentinel lymph node. Those patients with positive test results are then operated on 2–4 weeks after primary surgery to remove the lymph nodes from the axilla (axillary lymph node dissection, ALND). New molecular tests RD-100i [one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA); based on messenger RNA amplification to identify the cytokeratin-19 (CK19) gene marker] (Sysmex, Norderstedt, Germany) and Metasin (using theCK19and mammaglobin gene markers) (Cellular Pathology, Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow, UK) are intended to provide an intraoperative diagnosis, thereby avoiding the need for postoperative histopathology and, in positive cases, a second operation for ALND.ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of using OSNA and Metasin in the NHS in England for the intraoperative diagnosis of sentinel lymph nodes metastases, compared with postoperative histopathology, the current standard.Data sourcesElectronic databases including MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and the Health Economic Evaluations Database as well as clinical trial registries, grey literature and conference proceedings were searched up to July 2012.Review methodsA systematic review of the evidence was carried out using standard methods. Single-gate studies were used to estimate the accuracy of OSNA with histopathology as the reference standard. The cost-effectiveness analysis adapted an existing simulation model of the long-term costs and health implications of early breast cancer diagnostic outcomes. The model accounted for the costs of an extended first operation with intraoperative testing, the loss of health-related quality of life (disutility) from waiting for postoperative test results, disutility and costs of a second operation, and long-term costs and disutility from lymphoedema related to ALND, adjuvant therapy, locoregional recurrence and metastatic recurrence.ResultsA total of 724 references were identified in the searches, of which 17 studies assessing test accuracy were included in the review, 15 on OSNA and two on Metasin. Both Metasin studies were unpublished. OSNA sensitivity of 84.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 74.7% to 91.0%] and specificity of 91.8% (95% CI 87.8% to 94.6%) for patient nodal status were estimated in a meta-analysis of five studies [unadjusted for tissue allocation bias (TAB)]. At these values and a 20% node-positive rate, OSNA resulted in lifetime discounted cost-savings of £498 and a quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) loss of 0.048 relative to histopathology, that is, £4324 saved per QALY lost. The most favourable plausible scenario for OSNA in terms of the node-positive rate (range 10–40%), diagnostic accuracy values (91.3% sensitivity and 94.2% specificity, from three reports that adjusted for TAB), the costs of histopathology, OSNA and second surgery, and long-term costs and utilities resulted in a maximum saving per QALY lost of £10,500; OSNA sensitivity and specificity would need to be ≥ 95% for this figure to be ≥ £20,000.LimitationsThere is limited evidence on the diagnostic test accuracy of intraoperative tests. The quality of information on costs of resource utilisation during the diagnostic pathway is low and no evidence exists on the disutility of waiting for a second surgery. No comparative studies exist that report clinical outcomes of intraoperative diagnostic tests. These knowledge gaps have more influence on the decision than current uncertainty in the performance of postoperative histopathology in standard practice.ConclusionsOne-step nucleic acid amplification is not cost-effective for the intraoperative diagnosis of sentinel lymph node metastases. OSNA is less accurate than histopathology and the consequent loss of health benefits in this patient group is not compensated for by health gains elsewhere in the health system that may be obtained with the cost-savings made. The evidence on Metasin is insufficient to evaluate its cost-effectiveness.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42012002889.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.

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Section: Single-gate Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metasinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Of Clinical Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Number and Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review and economic evaluation of intraoperative tests [RD-100i one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) system and Metasin test] for detecting sentinel lymph node metastases in breast cancer

Huxley

Jones-Hughes

Snowsill

et al. 2015

Health Technology Assessment

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Micrometastasis in lymph nodes of colorectal cancer

Yamamoto

2022

Annals of Gastroent Surgery

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for node‐positive stage III patients. A systematic meta‐analysis reported that the presence of micrometastases in regional lymph nodes (LNs) was associated with poor survival in patients with node‐negative CRC. Because most data employed in the meta‐analysis were based on retrospective studies, we conducted a prospective clinical trial and concluded that stage II is a transitional zone between stage I and stage III, where CRC tumors continuously increase the micrometastasis volume in LNs and proportionally raise the risk for tumor recurrence. The one‐step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) assay is a simple and rapid technique to detect CK19 mRNA using the reverse‐transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP) method. Using the OSNA assay, we and colleagues reported that the upstaging rates of pStages I, IIA, IIB, and IIC were 2.0%, 17.7%, 12.5%, and 25%, respectively, in 124 node‐negative patients. Survival analysis indicated that OSNA positive stage II CRC patients had a shorter 3‐y disease‐free survival rate than OSNA negative stage II CRC patients. In 2017, AJCC TNM staging (the 8th version) revised the definition of LN metastasis in colon cancer and it is stated that micrometastasis should be considered as a standard LN metastasis. To our surprise, this revision was based on a meta‐analysis to which our previous study on micrometastasis largely contributed. The remaining questions to be addressed are how to find micrometastases efficiently and whether postadjuvant chemotherapy is effective to prevent disease recurrence and to contribute to longer survival.

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Intraoperative assessment of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer

Layfield¹,

Agrawal

Roché

et al. 2011

Journal of British Surgery

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Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) reduces the morbidity of axillary clearance and is the standard of care for patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer. The ability to analyse the sentinel node during surgery enables a decision to be made whether to proceed to full axillary clearance during primary surgery, thus avoiding a second procedure in node-positive patients.Methods: Current evidence for intraoperative sentinel node analysis following SLNB in breast cancer was reviewed and evaluated, based on articles obtained from a MEDLINE search using the terms 'sentinel node', 'intra-operative' and 'breast cancer'.Results and conclusion: Current methods for evaluating the sentinel node during surgery include cytological and histological techniques. Newer quantitative molecular assays have been the subject of much recent clinical research. Pathological techniques of intraoperative SLNB analysis such as touch imprint cytology and frozen section have a high specificity, but a lower and more variably reported sensitivity. Molecular techniques are potentially able to sample a greater proportion of the sentinel node, and could have higher sensitivity.

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One-step nucleic acid amplification—a molecular method for the detection of lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients; results of the German study group

Cited by 100 publications

References 28 publications

A systematic review and economic evaluation of intraoperative tests [RD-100i one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) system and Metasin test] for detecting sentinel lymph node metastases in breast cancer

A systematic review and economic evaluation of intraoperative tests [RD-100i one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) system and Metasin test] for detecting sentinel lymph node metastases in breast cancer

Micrometastasis in lymph nodes of colorectal cancer

Intraoperative assessment of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer

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