One-Step Purification of a Fusion Protein of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Human Serum Albumin Expressed inPichia pastorisby an Immunomagnetic Separation Technique

Expression of Human Globular Adiponectin-Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analog Fusion Protein and Its Assay of Glucose-Lowering Effect In Vivo

“…In vivo, both peptides have equipotent biological effects 4. However, the potential for using GLP-1 to lower blood glucose is limited by its very short plasma half-life 5, 6. This is due to its rapid inactivation by dipeptidyl peptidase IV and by renal clearance.…”

“…This is due to its rapid inactivation by dipeptidyl peptidase IV and by renal clearance. Developing long-acting GLP-1 analogs (GLP-1-A) to circumvent the rapid inactivation and renal clearance of GLP-1 is therefore an important step toward applying them therapeutically 5, 6.…”

High-Level Expression, Purification, and Characterization of the Recombinant Grass Carp Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide

“…7) The presence of a PACAP neuronal system within the pituitary is consistent with findings that PACAP can act as a potent secretagog for GH secretion in salmon, 8) goldfish, 6) European eel, 9) common carp, 10) and grass carp. 7) Notably in goldfish, both PACAP 27 and PACAP 38 were effective in stimulating GH secretion through activation of the adenylate cyclase-cAMP-protein kinase A and phospholipase C-IP3-protein kinase C pathways in cultured pituitary cells. 6) In another teleost grass carp, two forms of ovine PACAP not only trigger GH release but also enhance GH synthesis at the pituitary cell level.…”

“…1) This peptide exists in two forms, PACAP 38 and PACAP 27 , the latter being the N-terminal portion of PACAP 38 . Both forms of PACAP act by binding to their G proteincoupled receptors: PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2.…”

“…7) In the same animal model, a full-length cDNA of PACAP has been cloned and confirmed to be a singlecopy gene in the genome. 11) Similarly to ovine PACAP, two synthetic forms of grass carp PACAP were effective in elevating GH release and GH transcripts in pituitary cells, and PACAP 38 was consistently found to be more potent in GH secretion than PACAP 27 . 11) In mammals, GH secretion is primarily under the stimulatory control of GHRH, while studies aimed at the effect of PACAP on GH secretion have indicated that PACAP probably plays a minor role in the control of GH secretion.…”