“…[1][2][3] In particular, CDs have the advantages of high biocompatibility, low toxicity, water-solubility, intense photoluminescence, photostability and cost-effective synthesis. 4,5 CDs typically have a small size (o10 nm) consisting of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms and can be prepared by top-down and bottom-up methods. 6 The bottom-up synthesis of CDs proceeds through carbonization and polymerization of small molecules, which are then assembled into CDs by chemical reactions, and is a common and preferable method due to the facile and green processes.…”