One-year of NMHCs hourly observations in São Paulo megacity: meteorological and traffic emissions effects in a large ethanol burning context

Dominutti, Pamela; Nogueira, Thiago; Borbon, A.; Andrade, María de Fátima; Fornaro, Adalgiza

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.08.008

Cited by 49 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The mean ambient concentrations observed in Abidjan were compared with those performed in other cities worldwide 360 ( Figure 4). Globally, a good agreement is observed with the mean VOC concentrations showing the same distribution in most of the cities, except for Karachi and to a lesser extent São Paulo, where more substantial VOC levels were reported (Barletta et al, 2005;Dominutti et al, 2016). Our results depict that ambient VOC levels in Abidjan are noticeably similar when compared with northern mid-latitude megacities., suggesting that emissions from fossil fuel combustion dominate over other specific sources.…”

supporting

confidence: 82%

“…Wind patterns observed during the field campaign period showed a predominant contribution from the south-westerly with maximum speed during daytime reaching up to 13 m.s -1 . The high wind speed records reported in Abidjan are more significant than those observed in other 320 polluted urban atmospheres (Dominutti et al, 2016;Salameh et al, 2016a;Zhang et al, 2014). Deroubaix et al (2018) analysed the dispersion of urban plumes from SWA coastal cities.…”

Section: Local and Synoptic Meteorological Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the overall, anthropogenic VOCs dominated the ambient profiles by a factor of 5 to 20 compared to biogenic ones. BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m+p and o-xylenes), a subgroup of aromatics VOC, usually makes a significant fraction of VOC burden in urban atmosphere (Borbon et al, 2018;Boynard et al, 2014;Dominutti et al, 2016). They are emitted by fossil fuel combustion from transport and residential sources and 340 evaporation processes such as fuel storage and solvent uses (Borbon et al, 2018).…”

Section: Ambient Concentrations and Spatial Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anthropogenic VOC in Abidjan, southern West Africa: from source quantification to atmospheric impacts

Dominutti¹,

Keita²,

Bahino³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Several field campaigns were deployed in the framework of the project Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) to measure a broad range of atmospheric constituents. Here, we present the 20 analysis of an unprecedented and comprehensive dataset integrating up to fifty-six VOC from ambient sites and emission sources. VOCs were collected on sorbent tubes in the coastal city of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, in winter and summer 2016 and analysed by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization and mass spectrometer detectors (GC-FID and GC-MS) at the laboratory.The comparison between VOC emission source profiles and ambient profiles suggests the substantial impact of two-25 wheelers and domestic fires on the composition of Abidjan's atmosphere. However, despite the high VOC concentrations near-source, moderate ambient levels were observed (by a factor of 10 to 4000 lower) and similar to the ones observed in northern mid-latitude urban areas. Beyond photochemistry, reported high wind speeds suggest that meteorology is an essential factor that regulates air pollution in Abidjan.Emission ratios (VOC/CO) were established based on real-world measurements achieved on a selected number of 30 representative combustion sources. Maximal molar mass contributions were observed from two-wheeler (TW) emissions, overpassing other regional sources by two orders of magnitude. This source also largely governs the VOC atmospheric impacts in terms of OH reactivity, secondary aerosol formation (SOAP) and ozone production (POCP).While the contribution of aromatics dominates the atmospheric impact, our measurements reveal the systematic presence of anthropogenic terpenoids in all residential combustion sectors. Finally, emission factors were used to 35 retrieve and quantify VOC emissions from the main anthropogenic source sectors at national level. Our detailed VOC emissions estimation suggests that the road transport sector is the dominant source in Cote d'Ivoire by emitting Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.around 1200 Gg yr −1 of gas-phase VOCs. These new estimations are 100 and 160 times larger than previous global inventory estimations like MACCity or Edgar (v4.3.2). Additionally, the residential sector is also largely underestimated by a factor of 13 to 43. For the only Cote d'Ivoire, these new estimates for VOCs are three to six 40 times higher than the whole Europe. Given the significant underestimation of VOC emissions from transport and residential sectors for Côte d'Ivoire country there is an urgent need for such an effort in the whole West Africa region for building more realistic and region-specific emission inventories. This is not only true for VOCs but all atmospheric pollutants. The dearth of waste burning, fuelwood burning and charcoal representation in regional inventories need also to be addressed, particularly in low-income areas where these types of activities are essential 45 sources of VOC emissions.

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supporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Local and Synoptic Meteorological Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ambient Concentrations and Spatial Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anthropogenic VOC in Abidjan, southern West Africa: from source quantification to atmospheric impacts

Dominutti¹,

Keita²,

Bahino³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Biogenic sources are mainly associated with emission from land‐based plants and contribute significantly to the composition of regional NMHCs (Ren et al, ). Studies conducted in urban areas in China and other countries have found that vehicle exhaust is often the main source of NMHCs in urban areas (Dominutti et al, ; M. Wang, Shao, Chen, Yuan, et al, ; Yuan et al, ). Both the concentration and source composition of NMHCs in ambient air exhibit clear seasonal variations (An, Zhu, Wang, Li, et al, ; Mo et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Apportionment and Secondary Transformation of Atmospheric Nonmethane Hydrocarbons in Chengdu, Southwest China

et al. 2018

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Nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) have an important influence on the formation of photochemical smog and secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere. We investigated 55 NMHCs in Chengdu from 27 October 2016 to 30 September 2017 to identify their sources, pollution levels, and secondary transformation potential. The average concentration of NMHCs in Chengdu was 41.8 ± 20.8 ppbv. Meteorological conditions play a vital role in the formation and dispersion of NMHCs, PM2.5, and O3. The photochemical conversion of NMHCs was inhibited by lower solar radiation, leading to low O3 concentrations and high NMHC concentrations. Aromatics and alkenes played a leading role in the secondary transformation, accounting for 60 ± 16% and 29 ± 11% of the total secondary formation potential, respectively. The southwest air mass trajectory was the most significant transportation path affecting the NMHC concentration in Chengdu. The results of the positive matrix factorization model indicated that there were seasonal differences in the sources of NMHCs in Chengdu. Four major emission sources were identified, namely, vehicle exhaust, industrial, paint solvents, and biogenic sources. Vehicle exhaust emissions were the greatest contributor to NMHCs in Chengdu, accounting for approximately 45% of the NMHCs. Overall, toluene, m/p‐xylene and ethylbenzene constitute a large fraction of the calculated ozone and secondary aerosol formation potential. Future studies should consider targeting these compounds when evaluating ozone and aerosol reduction strategies. However, in terms of total control of NMHC pollution, Chengdu should focus on effective control measures for traffic emissions.

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“…Na RMSP, as emissões de NOx provêm de fontes veiculares (64%) e de fontes industriais (36%) (CETESB, 2019). Considerando as fontes antrópicas, os HC também são emitidos por veículos (85%) e indústrias (15%) na RMSP (BRITO et al, 2015;CETESB, 2019), entretanto a emissão de HC de origem biogênica pela vegetação urbana também é significativa na região (DOMINUTTI et al, 2016) e pode influenciar as concentrações de O 3 (CALFAPIETRA et al, 2013;MARTINS et al, 2006). Mudanças no uso de combustíveis em veículos resultam em alterações nas emissões de NOx e HC, que por sua vez podem influenciar as concentrações de O 3 na RMSP (SALVO; GEIGER, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Contribuição De Fatores Químicos E Meteorológicos Para a Formação De Ozônio Troposférico Em São Paulo

Santolaya

Oliveira

Rizzo

et al. 2019

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Ambient. (Online)

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RESUMOO ozônio (O 3 ) é um dos poluentes responsáveis pela deterioração da qualidade do ar em áreas urbanas. Trata-se de um poluente secundário, formado na atmosfera por meio de reações fotoquímicas, e sua produção depende tanto de fatores meteorológicos quanto de fatores químicos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a variabilidade interanual das concentrações de O 3 na região metropolitana de São Paulo entre 2005 e 2015, isolando a contribuição de fatores químicos mediante a aplicação do filtro Kolmogorov-Zurbenko. Os resultados mostraram que a variabilidade das condições meteorológicas explicou de 39 a 52% da variância das concentrações de O 3 no período de estudo. A incidência relativamente baixa de radiação solar em 2008 e 2009 foi um fator limitante para a produção de O 3 , já que as concentrações observadas foram inferiores às concentrações esperadas considerando apenas os fatores químicos. Por outro lado, os picos de concentração de O 3 entre 2010 e 2012 foram atribuídos majoritariamente a fatores químicos, associados a mudanças no padrão de emissão de precursores. Nos anos em que foram constatadas altas concentrações de O 3 , houve aumento no consumo de gasolina em relação ao etanol.Palavras-chave: qualidade do ar; ozônio; condições meteorológicas; química da atmosfera; região metropolitana de São Paulo. ABSTRACTOzone (O 3 ) is one of the main pollutants that contribute to air quality deterioration in urban areas. It is a secondary pollutant, produced in the atmosphere by photochemical reactions, in a way that its formation depends both on meteorological and chemical factors. This work aimed to analyze the interannual variability of O 3 concentrations at the São Paulo metropolitan region between 2005 and 2015, isolating the contribution of chemical factors using the Kolmogorov-Zurbenko filter. Results indicate that the variability of meteorological conditions explained from 39 to 52% of O 3 concentration variance during the study period. The relatively low incidence of solar radiation in 2008 and 2009 was a limiting factor for the O 3 production, since the observed concentrations were below what would be expected if only chemical factors were considered. Conversely, O 3 concentration peaks between 2010 and 2012 were mainly associated with chemical factors, associated with changes in the emission pattern of precursors. Years with high O 3 concentrations occurred simultaneously with increases on the gasoline usage relative to ethanol.

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One-year of NMHCs hourly observations in São Paulo megacity: meteorological and traffic emissions effects in a large ethanol burning context

Cited by 49 publications

References 42 publications

Anthropogenic VOC in Abidjan, southern West Africa: from source quantification to atmospheric impacts

Anthropogenic VOC in Abidjan, southern West Africa: from source quantification to atmospheric impacts

Source Apportionment and Secondary Transformation of Atmospheric Nonmethane Hydrocarbons in Chengdu, Southwest China

Contribuição De Fatores Químicos E Meteorológicos Para a Formação De Ozônio Troposférico Em São Paulo

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