“…Such communities enable internet users to discuss and share their experiences through various social media platforms, including Facebook, Twitter and Instagram (Seraj, 2012; Laroche et al , 2013; Habibi et al , 2014; Simon et al , 2016; Dessart and Duclou, 2019; Huang, 2019; Fetscherin et al , 2021). A successful online community relies on customers’ active and voluntary participation (Liao et al , 2017; Choi and Kim, 2020; Trivedi et al , 2020). An emerging challenge for companies is exploiting customers’ potential in value co-creation by managing their participation in online brand communities (Sarmah et al , 2018; Matute et al , 2019; Saleem and Hawkins, 2021).…”