Highlights d Systematic identification of colon cancer-associated proteins and phosphosites d Proteomics-supported neoantigens and cancer/testis antigens in 78% of the tumors d Rb phosphorylation is an oncogenic driver and a putative target in colon cancer d Glycolysis inhibition may render MSI tumors more sensitive to checkpoint blockade

Microbial biofilms are communities of aggregated microbial cells embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Biofilms are recalcitrant to extreme environments, and can protect microorganisms from ultraviolet (UV) radiation, extreme temperature, extreme pH, high salinity, high pressure, poor nutrients, antibiotics, etc., by acting as “protective clothing”. In recent years, research works on biofilms have been mainly focused on biofilm-associated infections and strategies for combating microbial biofilms. In this review, we focus instead on the contemporary perspectives of biofilm formation in extreme environments, and describe the fundamental roles of biofilm in protecting microbial exposure to extreme environmental stresses and the regulatory factors involved in biofilm formation. Understanding the mechanisms of biofilm formation in extreme environments is essential for the employment of beneficial microorganisms and prevention of harmful microorganisms.

Highlights d RNA-seq of oocytes and granulosa cells mapped transcriptome and signature genes d KEGG/GSEA analysis uncovered pathways involved in primordial follicle activation d Oocyte-granulosa cell interactions exhibit stage-and species-specific patterns d RNA-seq analysis identified candidate secretory biomarkers of ovarian reserve

HE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY IN the United States has dramatically increased in the past decade. 1 Increased body mass index (BMI) has been linked to death from colon, breast, and many other cancers. 2 Although there are biological bases for increased risk of certain cancers in obese persons, 3 delayed diagnosis may provide an explanation for advanced stage of disease and poor outcome. Obesity presents technical problems for cancer detection, since adiposity may hinder physical examination and interfere with imaging and ancillary tests. 4 Likewise, obesity may negatively affect early diagnosis through assessment of serum concentrations of soluble tumor markers. For example, recent evidence suggests that prostate cancer screening may be adversely affected by increased BMI. 5 In the United States, most prostate cancer cases are diagnosed by needle biopsy of the prostate prompted by a high serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration. The ability to accurately detect prostate cancer can be compromised by any factor that decreases PSA concentration in the circulation. Multiple studies have found that obese men have lower PSA con-Author Affiliations are listed at the end of this article.