Online photochemical vapour generation of inorganic tin for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection

Abstract

A highly reproducible method based on the online PCVG technique with ICPMS detection was developed for the quantitative determination of trace levels of inorganic tin for the first time.

System optimization for determination of cobalt in biological samples by ICP-OES using photochemical vapor generation

“…Use of this lamp for PVG relies on an averaging of the intensity over the length and diameter of the discharge. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] These effects are less pronounced with the other two lamps ( Fig. 5 min for UV radiation and 10 min for temperature), water was introduced into each PVG reactor using a peristaltic pump and its impact on temperature and lamp intensity monitored for different ow rates.…”

“…A batch mode of sample processing permits exible irradiation times to be achieved but generates transient signals and is typically less efficient. [33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Zheng et al 40 pointed to the possibility that speciation of mercury in a formic acid medium could be undertaken by exposing the sample to either 254 nm radiation for the determination of total mercury, or to a visible light source for selective reduction of inorganic mercury. 22,23 A combined spraychamber/UV photolysis unit has also been studied 24 but suffers from the inability to control the irradiation time and is functional only over a limited range of sample introduction rates.…”

Multivariate optimization of photochemical vapor generation for direct determination of arsenic in seawater by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

“…Additionally, the elevated temperature experienced by the sample solution passing through the PVG reactor may facilitate the reduction, as in the case of Se(VI) [26]; however, severe matrix effects remain, as reported for the determination of Se in seawater by PVG [27], necessitating a several-fold dilution of the sample prior to analysis. In addition, in the presence of low concentration of chloride, signal suppression was noted for the determination of Ni and Sn when attempting PVG [28,29], preventing their direct determination in seawater. Most recently, it was noted that the low recovery of analyte from real sample matrices may be due to use of optimum conditions developed for PVG with calibration standards which are different from those required with the sample matrix [30].…”

Direct Determination of Trace Antimony in Natural Waters by Photochemical Vapor Generation ICPMS: Method Optimization and Comparison of Quantitation Strategies

“…As reported in previous studies, a severe matrix effect occurs in seawater, 25 and signals from Sn and Ni were significantly suppressed in the presence of low concentration of chloride. 26,35 To investigate the effect of this sample matrix on the PVG of Sb, 1 ng g −1 Sb standard solution in 20% (v/v) acetic acid and 1.75% NaCl (w/v) (matching the matrix in the prepared seawater solutions) was introduced into the PVG reactor. Response from the solution was only 15% of that from the same concentration of matrix-free standard solution.…”

“…In the presence of low concentration of chloride, signal suppression was noted for the determination of Ni and Sn using PVG. 26,27 Recently, it has been reported that, when a relatively thin film of sample solution is exposed to the UV, the presence of deep-UV radiation (185 nm) facilitates PVG reactions, leading to enhanced analytical performance for Sn, 27 Br, 28 Se, 29 Hg, 30 and Pb. 31 The purpose of this work was to develop a sensitive, accurate, and simple method for the direct determination of trace Sb in natural waters by ICPMS with use of a flow-through thin-film deep-UV reactor.…”