Online Size and Element Analysis of Aerosol Particles Released from Thermal Treatment of Wood Samples Impregnated with Different Salts

Abstract

Thus far, the elemental characterization of particles in energy conversion process gases and emissions has conventionally either been performed offline or information on the particle size has not been available. Such processes include combustion in engines or thermal treatments of renewable and fossil fuels for heat and power generation. One established physical aerosol measurement instrument is the scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), providing size distribution and concentration of gas-borne particles online, with temporal resolutions of a few minutes or even less. However, a far greater wealth of information can be gained by combining the opportunities of the SMPS with those of an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS), which enables the determination of the elemental composition of an introduced sample with low detection limits and a wide dynamic measuring range, and those of a rotating disk diluter (RDD), used as a sample introduction interface, making the setup independent of a defined aerosol source flow. We have recently presented such an instrumental setup, which is used now for online measurements on particulate sodium, chlorine, potassium, and copper, in aerosols emitted by differently impregnated wood samples, heated in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The TGA allows controlling the temperature, oxygen content, and gas flows in the furnace and is used for generating model aerosols to study the influence of different fuel treatments on the emissions during the combustion process. The ability of RDD–SMPS–ICPMS to discriminate between several elements contained in specific particle size classes between 13 and 340 nm at different times in the aerosol emitted by a thermal process is demonstrated.

Dust Sources in the Salton Sea Basin: A Clear Case of an Anthropogenically Impacted Dust Budget

“…The Agricultural Burning source was identified by semiconfident attributions of PO 4 3– , K, Zn, Mo, and low confidence attributions of many crustal species (Figure D, Table S4). Potassium is commonly associated with biomass burning emissions, , and biomass burning events are also known to be important mechanisms of P redistribution . The crustal elements associated with this factor, which likely represent coemitted dust, are similar to that of Colorado Alluvium , with high Ca and low Ti, Al, and Fe (Figure , Table S4), and can be explained by agricultural biomass burning on farmed Colorado alluvial soils in the Salton Sea basin.…”

A Practical Guide on Coupling a Scanning Mobility Sizer and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (SMPS-ICPMS)

“…Figures of merit given by Hess et al 2 0 show that the performance of the developed SMPS-ICPMS instrumentation is comparable to that of the separate state-of-the-art systems. This study is complementary to the previous publications 19 20 21 and gives a laboratory practice describing how this setup can be used. Example applications on aerosols from two different sources are shortly described, to show the versatility of the coupled system.…”

“…A Rotating Disk Diluter (RDD) is used as the introduction interface. The development of this hyphenated technique and three application studies can be found in the literature 19 20 21 . Figures of merit given by Hess et al 2 0 show that the performance of the developed SMPS-ICPMS instrumentation is comparable to that of the separate state-of-the-art systems.…”

A Practical Guide on Coupling a Scanning Mobility Sizer and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (SMPS-ICPMS)

“…Figures of merit given by Hess et al 20 show that the performance of the developed SMPS-ICPMS instrumentation is comparable to that of the separate state-of-the-art systems. This study is complementary to the previous publications 19,20,21 and gives a laboratory practice describing how this setup can be used. Example applications on aerosols from two different sources are shortly described, to show the versatility of the coupled system.…”

“…A Rotating Disk Diluter (RDD) is used as the introduction interface. The development of this hyphenated technique and three application studies can be found in the literature 19,20,21 . Figures of merit given by Hess et al 20 show that the performance of the developed SMPS-ICPMS instrumentation is comparable to that of the separate state-of-the-art systems.…”