Online Surface Temperature Measurement of Billets in Secondary Cooling Zone End-Piece Based on Data Fusion

Fusion monitoring of friction temperature rise of mechanical brake based on multi-source information and AI technology

“…With respect to the measurement effect, the limitation of single-source thermometry can be conquered by fusion monitoring of temperature. For example, Zhang et al(2014) took the charge coupled device and colorimetric temperature sensor as the basis and then built the fusion monitoring model for the temperature of blank surface in the second cooling zone, which eliminated the impact produced by dust and oxidization; Xu (2014) established the fusion monitoring equipment for temperature based on temperature array, which eliminated the defects such as the non-steady and major fluctuations of temperature signals from the singlesource thermometry; An et al (2013) built the fusion monitoring model for temperature field of blank surface based on multi-source information, which monitored the distribution of temperature field. In this paper, the disc brake was taken as the research object and a three-point temperature measurement method including embedded, preset and infrared thermometry was proposed.…”

High-speed camera thermometry of laser droplet generation

“…With that said, the temperature of the process can be measured by means of high-speed visible light cameras, which are characterized by much higher recording rates and image resolution than their infrared counterparts. The concept of using standard CCD and CMOS digital cameras for temperature measurement has attracted several authors so far, especially in the area of metallurgy (Chen et al [10], Zhang et al [11], Panditrao and Rege [12]) and combustion studies (Jiang et al [13], Kuhn et al [14], Guo et al [15]). The studies [12][13][14][15] employed color (RGB) cameras with the so-called two-color approach, where the ratio of image brightness in two different color channels was used to determine the temperature.…”

“…Yan and Li [16] proposed and evaluated an algorithm and a system for two-color temperature measurement, while Ma and Zhang [17] discussed the limitations of the method due to the image saturation. A different approach was taken by Chen et al [10], Zhang et al [11] and Bizjan et al [18,19] who used a measurement system with a monochrome camera. There are certain advantages of the two-color method over the monochrome method, namely the lack of need for the reference point temperature measurement and a reduced measurement error in the case of a non-constant spectral emissivity [16].…”

“…On the other hand, the two-color method suffers from a more narrow temperature measurement range. Also, most of today's color cameras use a Bayer filter mosaic array on top of the imager, which effectively reduces both the image resolution and light sensitivity when compared to the monochrome camera of the same pixel count [11]. This becomes particularly problematic in high-speed applications where image resolution is already limited by high acquisition rates, and it is often difficult to provide sufficient lighting due to extremely short exposure times required for capturing sharp images.…”

Sensor Data Fusion Framework for Improvement of Temperature Sensor Characteristics

“…A multi-sensor data fusion technique comprising image camera and colorimetric thermometer is used to measure the temperature of billets surface in a secondary cooling zone. Output of colorimetric thermometer and appearance of billets are used to obtain the temperature ranges of billets surface in Zhang et al 14 In Sugita et al, 15 a cluster of thermocouple micro-sensors are integrated to measure the temperature of the cutting tool. Ultrasonic waveguide are analyzed for computing temperature gradient and used to measure liquid levels as reported in Periyannan and Balasubramaniam.…”