Onset of Puberty and Normal Histological Appearances of the Reproductive Organs in Peripubertal Female Göttingen Minipigs

Tortereau, Antonin; Howroyd, Paul; Lorentsen, Helle

doi:10.1177/0192623313482777

Cited by 21 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Unpublished data in Göttingen minipigs supplied by Ellegaard, Denmark, have shown successful mating rates (over 80%) for female minipigs at the ages of 6 months, and minipigs at an average age of 5.6 months have been successfully mated and given birth without complications. These ages are lower than would be expected from the anatomic results of Tortereau, Howroyd, and Lorentsen (2013), in females that were not in the presence of a boar, but are more consistent with the hormonal results of Peter et al (2016), in females that were housed in the same room as adult boars. These results should be confirmed and put into the context of environmental factors such as the age when a boar was introduced, and equivalent data on the breeding performance of young male minipigs should be obtained.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Review of Sexual Maturity in the Minipig

Howroyd¹,

Peter

Rijk

2016

Toxicol Pathol

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It is important to know whether the animals used in toxicology studies are sexually mature. As minipigs are being used increasingly in toxicity studies, we reviewed published data on the age of sexual maturity in the minipig. Maturity in females was assessed on the basis either of normal cycles of progesterone secretion or of the histological presence of corpora lutea and, in males, was assessed on the histological appearance of the seminiferous tubules and epididymides. In female Gö ttingen minipigs, the first progesterone peak was at 3.7 to 4.2 or 6.1 to 6.5 months of age. These animals were in the presence of a boar. In female Gö ttingen minipigs in toxicology studies, which were not in the presence of a boar, at least 1 corpus luteum in the ovaries was present in only 50% of the females by 6.5 months of age, while all were mature by 7.7 months of age. Histological maturity in the male Yucatan minipig is reported to be attained at about 4.4 months old, but in male Göttingen minipigs at about 2 months old, although the definition of maturity may have been different in the 2 studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Review of Sexual Maturity in the Minipig

Howroyd¹,

Peter

Rijk

2016

Toxicol Pathol

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“…It was considered to be approximately 5 months when they have a body weight of approximately 12 kg (Damm Jørgensen, 1998; Creasy, ). However, a recent retrospective study defining sexual maturity as the presence of CL in the ovary revealed that, although sexual maturity can be reached in a few minipigs starting from 5 months of age, only 50% of females of 6.5 months were sexually mature and 100% did not have CL in the ovary until 7.5 months of age (weights around 13 kg) (Tortereau et al, ). Tortereau et al () also reported histologic features of the developing female minipig reproductive tract tissues (vagina, uterus, mammary gland, ovary) and organ weights.…”

Section: Morphologic Aspects Of Female Reproductive System Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a recent retrospective study defining sexual maturity as the presence of CL in the ovary revealed that, although sexual maturity can be reached in a few minipigs starting from 5 months of age, only 50% of females of 6.5 months were sexually mature and 100% did not have CL in the ovary until 7.5 months of age (weights around 13 kg) (Tortereau et al, ). Tortereau et al () also reported histologic features of the developing female minipig reproductive tract tissues (vagina, uterus, mammary gland, ovary) and organ weights. Specifically, uterine weight of at least 94 g was consistent with sexual maturity; however, ovarian weight provided no correlation.…”

Section: Morphologic Aspects Of Female Reproductive System Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the rodent, typical assessments are made on physical hallmarks of sexual maturity (VO in conjunction with body weight effects) and estrous cyclicity by daily vaginal lavage, mating behavior, and reproductive performance can be routinely measured; on occasion, hormone assessments are added. In the minipig, the age of attainment of sexual maturity is published, but there is limited information on specific endpoints for assessing sexual maturity (Svendsen, ; Barrow, ; Tortereau et al, ; De Rijk et al, ). In the dog, VO and first estrous can be assessed along with clinical signs of the first heat, but due to the length of time to reach sexual maturity (26 to 39 weeks) and as there are commonly 6‐ to 7‐month intervals of anestrus between cycles, the dog is not considered practical (Robinson et al, ) to measure sexual maturation.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Postnatal Female Reproductive Development In Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Species Comparison of Postnatal Development of the Female Reproductive System

Laffan

Posobiec

Uhl

et al. 2017

Birth Defects Research

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The postnatal development of the female reproductive system in laboratory animals and humans is reviewed. To enable a meaningful species comparison of the developing female reproductive system, common definitions of developmental processes were established with a focus made on aspects that are similar across species. A species comparison of the key endocrine, morphologic, and functional (onset of ovarian cycles and ability to reproduce) features of postnatal development of the female reproductive system is provided for human, nonhuman primate, dog, rat, and also mouse, minipig, and rabbit where possible. Species differences in the timing and control of female sexual maturation are highlighted. Additionally, a species comparison of the type and timing of female reproductive ovarian cycles was compiled. Human development provided the frame of reference, and then other common laboratory species were compared. The comparison has inherent challenges because the processes involved and sequence of events can differ greatly across species. Broad strokes were taken to assign a particular average age to an event and are to be used with caution. Methods of evaluation of postnatal female reproductive development in laboratory animals are discussed. Lastly, control rodent data from one of the author's laboratory on vaginal opening, first estrus, estrous cyclicity, and the histopathology involved with the developing female rat and mouse are presented. The information provided in this review is intended to be a resource for the design and interpretation of juvenile animal toxicity testing and ultimately, the relevance of the data to characterize potential risks for women and girls. Birth Defects Research 110:163-189, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…One study detailed the need to be aware of the potential for histologic sexual immaturity in toxicology studies; they compared histological evidence of onset of puberty in Göttingen females with the previously mentioned widely accepted data stating that puberty onset of miniature swine is 4 to 6 months of age and found that only 50% of the females studied at approximately 6.5 months of age could be considered sexually mature based on histological findings (Tortereau, Howroyd, and Lorentsen 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniature Swine Breeds in Toxicology and Drug Safety Assessments

Stricker–Krongrad

Shoemake²,

Pereira³

et al. 2015

Toxicol Pathol

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The use of miniature swine as a nonrodent species in safety assessment has continued to expand for over a decade, and they are becoming routinely used in toxicology and in pharmacology as well as a model for human diseases. Miniature swine models are regularly used for regulatory toxicity studies designed to assess safety of new therapeutic compounds given through different routes of exposure and are used as an alternative model to the canine or the nonhuman primate. Translational preclinical swine study data presented support the current finding that miniature swine are the animal model of choice for assessment of drug absorption, tolerance, and systemic toxicity following systemic exposures. Because research investigators need to be familiar with important anatomic and histopathologic features of the miniature swine in order to place toxicopathologic findings in their proper perspective, clinical and anatomic pathology data from a large number of Sinclair, Hanford, Yucatan, and Gö ttingen breeds from control groups from a wide variety of studies performed between 2004 and 2014 will be presented, compared, and partially illustrated.

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Onset of Puberty and Normal Histological Appearances of the Reproductive Organs in Peripubertal Female Göttingen Minipigs

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

Review of Sexual Maturity in the Minipig

Review of Sexual Maturity in the Minipig

Species Comparison of Postnatal Development of the Female Reproductive System

Miniature Swine Breeds in Toxicology and Drug Safety Assessments

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