Ontogenesis of Myocardial Function

Sedmera, David; Ošťádal, B

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3387-3_7

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…The presence of coronary vessels in all studied elasmobranchs suggests they have origins early in vertebrate heart evolution coinciding with the emergence of compact myocardium (Sedmera and Wang, 2012). Consistent with this, in zebrafish only the ventricle becomes vascularized after the compact myocardium has formed post-embryonically and the more spongy and thinner-walled atrium never develops coronary vessels (Figure 1 and Figure S3P and Q).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike mammalian cardiac muscle, the fish myocardium is not strictly dependent on coronary circulation for survival (Figure 5). During evolution, coronary vessels have been lost in many teleost species, and some amphibians have only a vestigial non-penetrating coronary vessel on the surface of the outflow tract (Sedmera and Wang, 2012). It appears that coronary vessels evolved initially as a supplement of cardiac oxygen supply, but later became strictly required for the function and survival of the myocardium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemokine-Guided Angiogenesis Directs Coronary Vasculature Formation in Zebrafish

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Interruption of coronary blood supply severely impairs heart function with often-fatal consequences for heart disease patients. However the formation and maturation of these coronary vessels is not fully understood. Here we provide a detailed analysis of coronary vessel development in zebrafish. We observe that coronary vessels form in zebrafish by angiogenic sprouting of arterial cells derived from the endocardium at the atrioventricular canal. Endothelial cells express the CXC-motif chemokine receptor Cxcr4a and migrate to vascularize the ventricle under the guidance of the myocardium-expressed ligand Cxcl12b. cxcr4a mutant zebrafish fail to form a vascular network, whereas ectopic expression of Cxcl12b ligand induces coronary vessel formation. Importantly, cxcr4a mutant zebrafish fail to undergo heart regeneration following injury. Our results suggest that chemokine-signaling has an essential role in coronary vessel formation by directing migration of endocardium-derived endothelial cells. Poorly developed vasculature in cxcr4a mutants likely underlies decreased regenerative potential in adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemokine-Guided Angiogenesis Directs Coronary Vasculature Formation in Zebrafish

et al. 2015

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“…In other words, it was presumably of type Ia. This hypothesis bases on phylogenetic and ontogenetic evidence (MacKinnon & Heatwole, 1981;Farmer, 1997Farmer, , 1999, namely: (i) the heart ventricle of extant agnathans is composed of avascular, spongy myocardium (reviewed in Yamauchi, 1980;and Farrell et al 2012); and (ii) during the embryonic development of avian and mammalian hearts, the formation of spongy myocardium precedes the appearance of compact myocardium (Sedmera et al 2000;Sedmera & McQuinn, 2008;Sedmera & Ostadal, 2012). Farrell et al (2012) have recently exposed a different view considering that early vertebrates possessed a fully vascularized ventricle composed of mixed myocardium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and vascularization of the ventricular myocardium in Holocephali: their evolutionary significance

et al. 2015

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It was generally assumed that the ventricle of the primitive vertebrate heart was composed of trabeculated, or spongy, myocardium, supplied by oxygen-poor luminal blood. In addition, it was presumed that the mixed ventricular myocardium, consisting of a compacta and a spongiosa, and its supply through coronary arteries appeared several times throughout fish evolution. Recent work has suggested, however, that a fully vascularized, mixed myocardium may be the primitive condition in gnathostomes. The present study of the heart ventricles of four holocephalan species aimed to clarify this controversy. Our observations showed that the ventricular myocardium of Chimaera monstrosa and Harriotta raleighana consists of a very thin compacta overlying a widespread spongiosa. The ventricle of Hydrolagus affinis is composed exclusively of trabeculated myocardium. In these three species there is a well-developed coronary artery system. The main coronary artery trunks run along the outflow tract, giving off subepicardial ventricular arteries. The trabeculae of the spongiosa are irrigated by branches of the subepicardial arteries and by penetrating arterial vessels arising directly from the main coronary trunks at the level of the conoventricular junction. The ventricle of Rhinochimaera atlantica has only spongy myocardium supplied by luminal blood. Small coronary arterial vessels are present in the subepicardium, but they do not enter the myocardial trabeculae. The present findings show for the first time that in a wild living vertebrate species, specifically H. affinis, an extensive coronary artery system supplying the whole cardiac ventricle exists in the absence of a well-developed compact ventricular myocardium. This is consistent with the notion derived from experimental work that myocardial cell proliferation and coronary vascular growth rely on distinct developmental programs. Our observations, together with data in the literature on elasmobranchs, support the view that the mixed ventricular myocardium is primitive for chondrichthyans. The reduction or even lack of compacta in holocephali has to be regarded as a derived anatomical trait. Our findings also fit in with the view that the mixed myocardium was the primitive condition in gnathostomes, and that the absence of compact ventricular myocardium in different actinopterygian groups is the result of a repeated loss of such type of cardiac muscle during fish evolution.

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“…). Facilitated by an increasing role of the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes in the fetal heart, a mature apex‐to‐base activation sequence of the septated ventricles arises (Sedmera & Ošťádal, ). Leaflet valves form at the atrioventricular canals, and at the aortic and pulmonary outflow tracts, ensuring the unidirectional flow of fetal blood (Sedmera & Ošťádal, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Facilitated by an increasing role of the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes in the fetal heart, a mature apex‐to‐base activation sequence of the septated ventricles arises (Sedmera & Ošťádal, ). Leaflet valves form at the atrioventricular canals, and at the aortic and pulmonary outflow tracts, ensuring the unidirectional flow of fetal blood (Sedmera & Ošťádal, ). Across gestation, the fetal heart increases in absolute mass and increases its capacity to generate both absolute blood flow (Rudolph & Heymann, ) and blood pressure (Dawes et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling of cardiac morphology is interrupted by birth in the developing sheep Ovis aries

et al. 2019

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Scaling of the heart across development can reveal the degree to which variation in cardiac morphology depends on body mass. In this study, we assessed the scaling of heart mass, left and right ventricular masses, and ventricular mass ratio, as a function of eviscerated body mass across fetal and postnatal development in Horro sheep Ovis aries (~50-fold body mass range; N = 21). Whole hearts were extracted from carcasses, cleaned, dissected into chambers and weighed. We found a biphasic relationship when heart mass was scaled against body mass, with a conspicuous 'breakpoint' around the time of birth, manifest not by a change in the scaling exponent (slope), but rather a jump in the elevation. Fetal heart mass (g) increased with eviscerated body mass (M b , kg) according to the power equation 4.90 M b 0.88 AE 0.26 (AE 95% CI) , whereas postnatal heart mass increased according to 10.0 M b 0.88 AE 0.10 . While the fetal and postnatal scaling exponents are identical (0.88)and reveal a clear dependence of heart mass on body mass, only the postnatal exponent is significantly less than 1.0, indicating the postnatal heart becomes a smaller component of body mass as the body grows, which is a pattern found frequently with postnatal cardiac development among mammals. The rapid doubling in heart mass around the time of birth is independent of any increase in body mass and is consistent with the normalization of wall stress in response to abrupt changes in volume loading and pressure loading at parturition. We discuss variation in scaling patterns of heart mass across development among mammals, and suggest that the variation results from a complex interplay between hard-wired genetics and epigenetic influences.

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Ontogenesis of Myocardial Function

Cited by 8 publications

References 151 publications

Chemokine-Guided Angiogenesis Directs Coronary Vasculature Formation in Zebrafish

Chemokine-Guided Angiogenesis Directs Coronary Vasculature Formation in Zebrafish

Structure and vascularization of the ventricular myocardium in Holocephali: their evolutionary significance

Scaling of cardiac morphology is interrupted by birth in the developing sheep Ovis aries

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