Ontogenetic and diel variation in stream habitat use by brook trout (<i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i>) in a headwater stream

Johnson, James H.; Ross, Robert M.; Dropkin, David S.; Redell, Lori A.

doi:10.1080/02705060.2011.553948

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Concerning diel variation in the feeding behaviour in brown trout, previously, Bachman et al (1979) stated that brown trout yielded a bimodal (crepuscular) pattern, with a major peak at dawn and a lesser one around dusk. Indeed, in salmonids there are frequent ontogenetic changes in diel activity (Railsback et al 2005;Johnson et al 2011). Thus, Railsback et al (2005) found in age-2+ had more consistent behaviour, feeding almost exclusively during the day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Summer differences in behavioural feeding habits and use of feeding habitat among brown trout (Pisces) age classes in a temperate area

Sánchez‐Hernández¹,

Cobo²

2012

Italian Journal of Zoology

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Field studies were conducted to examine intra-specific diet variation in a population of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in a temperate area (River Tormes, Central Spain) during the summer. Fuzzy principal component analysis (FPCA) and the modified Costello graphical method were used to illustrate that age classes showed differences in behavioural feeding habits and use of feeding habitat. Despite benthic prey constituting the most important prey in abundance terms in all age classes, our findings suggest that ontogenetic shift among age classes can be related to several factors: (1) terrestrial invertebrates and fishes were more frequently consumed by older trout, (2) resource partitioning among age classes also occurred at the level of prey size and (3) differences among age classes in habitat utilization for feeding were evident. Levins index increases with trout size. However, a noteworthy result of this study is that no differences were found in the evenness, Shannon and Levins indices among age classes. Finally, the dietary analyses showed high values of diet overlap, but the differences in the use of feeding habitat and behavioural feeding habits are important adaptive features that may reduce the intra-specific competition in the population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Summer differences in behavioural feeding habits and use of feeding habitat among brown trout (Pisces) age classes in a temperate area

Sánchez‐Hernández¹,

Cobo²

2012

Italian Journal of Zoology

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“…Although intraspecific variability has recently received more attention in ecological studies (de Bello et al., ; Violle et al., ), differences among individuals are still poorly represented in studies of fish communities (Blanck & Lamouroux, ; Brandl & Bellwood, ; Goldstein & Meador, ), being restricted to marine species (Hammerschlag‐Peyer & Layman, ; Pratchett et al., ). In freshwater fish communities, most knowledge on microhabitat use is descriptive (Leal et al., ; Manna et al., ; Mazzoni et al., ) and limited to population dynamics, i.e., data of one species (Bourke et al., ; Greenberg, Bergman, & Eklöv, ; Johnson, Ross, Dropkin, & Redell, ). Furthermore, the high plasticity of stream fish was frequently approached (Manna, Rezende, & Mazzoni, ; Meyer, ; Svanbäck & Persson, ; Ward, Webster, & Hart, ), which highlighted the importance of measuring the variation in ecological traits at the intraspecific level in freshwater communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of body size on microhabitat preferences in stream-dwelling fishes

2017

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Summary Microhabitat preferences of two stream‐dwelling fish assemblages in two different Brazilian habitats of rainforest and semi‐arid vegetation and comparisons within and between species were investigated. Data collection was from June to October 2012 in the Gato Stream within the rainforest, and from April to September 2012 in the Curu Stream within a semi‐arid vegetation. Snorkeling observations and diving sessions along a 200‐m stretch in each stream were performed. In total, 39 diving sessions were made over a total of 55 hr of underwater observations. Microhabitat preferences of the fish were analyzed by comparing resource use by fish species to the resource availability of the streams. Use of the microhabitat differed significantly between fish species within and between assemblages. In addition, there was a higher level of intraspecific variation in the fish assemblage in the semi‐arid area. There was no significant correlation between fish size and microhabitat use, but five species showed a significant correlation between microhabitat use and distance from the stream bank. The findings herein point to highly intraspecific variability in both fish assemblages and highlight the importance of measuring individual differences in microhabitat preferences. Additionally, the versatility described for tropical freshwater fishes confirms the importance of measuring the intraspecific variability of their different ecological traits, and challenges the use of morphology as a predictor of fish ecology.

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“…Habitat condition and alteration have been shown to affect Brook Trout distribution, and interspecific microhabitat partitioning is evident in some systems (Kocovsky and Carline 2006;Johnson 2008;Johnson et al 2011). However, most of these environmental studies focus on water temperature or altitude and typically fine-scale habitat conditions (Gard and Flittner 1974;Taniguchi et al 1998;Wehrly et al 2007;Stranko et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although we detected some environments that were better suited to Brook Trout or Brown Trout, the extensive overlap of suitable conditions for Brook Trout and Brown Trout was clear. Other studies have shown microhabitat and diet partitioning among these species (Johnson 1981(Johnson , 2008Korsu et al 2010;Johnson et al 2011), and the broad scale of this analysis prevents detection of those relationships. The stream reach was the spatial unit of our analysis, and many reaches are quite long.…”

Section: Caveats and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Habitat influence.-Principal components analyses (PCAs) of habitat variables associated with each observation of Brook Trout, Brown Trout, or both among the streams predicted to support both species were used to identify influential habitat and disturbance variables that might distinguish Brook Trout habitat from Brown Trout habitat (ter Braak 1995;Johnson et al 2011). Data were centered and standardized by habitat variables to remove effects of different units and value ranges.…”

Section: Brokmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Broad‐Scale Patterns of Brook Trout Responses to Introduced Brown Trout in New York

McKenna

Slattery

Clifford

2013

N American J Fish Manag

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Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis and Brown Trout Salmo trutta are valuable sport fish that coexist in many parts of the world due to stocking introductions. Causes for the decline of Brook Trout within their native range are not clear but include competition with Brown Trout, habitat alteration, and repetitive stocking practices. New York State contains a large portion of the Brook Trout's native range, where both species are maintained by stocking and other management actions. We used artificial neural network models, regression, principal components analysis, and simulation to evaluate the effects of Brown Trout, environmental conditions, and stocking on the distribution of Brook Trout in the center of their native range. We found evidence for the decline of Brook Trout in the presence of Brown Trout across many watersheds; 22% of sampled reaches where both species were expected to occur contained only Brown Trout. However, a model of the direct relationship between Brook Trout and Brown Trout abundance explained less than 1% of data variation. Ordination showed extensive overlap of Brook Trout and Brown Trout habitat conditions, with only small components of the hypervolume (multidimensional space) being distinctive. Subsequent analysis indicated higher abundances of Brook Trout in highly forested areas, while Brown Trout were more abundant in areas with relatively high proportions of agriculture. Simulation results indicated that direct interactions and habitat conditions were relatively minor factors compared with the effects of repeated stocking of Brown Trout into Brook Trout habitat. Intensive annual stocking of Brown Trout could eliminate resident Brook Trout in less than a decade. Ecological differences, harvest behavior, and other habitat changes can exacerbate Brook Trout losses. Custom stocking scenarios with Brown Trout introductions at relatively low proportions of resident Brook Trout populations may be able to sustain healthy populations of both species within their present range.Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis and Brown Trout Salmo trutta are valuable sport fish that have similar habitat requirements. These species now coexist in many parts of the world due to Brown Trout (native of Europe) introductions, including within the Brook Trout's native range in eastern North America. Brown Trout flourish in eastern North American streams due to their ability to tolerate warmer water than native trout. Brown Trout grow faster and generally larger than Brook Trout, and these wary fish present a greater challenge to experienced fisherman than do Brook Trout (NYSDEC 2013). The Brook

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Ontogenetic and diel variation in stream habitat use by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a headwater stream

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Summer differences in behavioural feeding habits and use of feeding habitat among brown trout (Pisces) age classes in a temperate area

Summer differences in behavioural feeding habits and use of feeding habitat among brown trout (Pisces) age classes in a temperate area

Effect of body size on microhabitat preferences in stream-dwelling fishes

Broad‐Scale Patterns of Brook Trout Responses to Introduced Brown Trout in New York

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