Ontogeny of cannibalism in larval and juvenile fishes with special emphasis on Atlantic cod

Folkvord, Arild

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1439-1_9

Cited by 61 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Similar observations of limited success are reported in other behavioural investigations involving marine finfish foraging on zooplankton (Hunt von Herbing & Gallager 2000, Puvanendran et al 2002. However, absolute number of attacks and engulfments increased with increasing predator size, a result which agrees with observations from other studies based on morphometrics that cannibalistic mortality increases as size variation increases in the cohort (Folkvord 1997).…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

“…But they have acknowledged that it is unlikely that cod, as a gapelimited predator, would consume a prey of similar body height to its own mouth gape and suggested that larger conspecifics would comfortably cannibalize a prey having 75% of the body depth of its mouth gape. Thus, failure to attack the 4.3 mm prey by the 6 mm predator in our experiment could be due to the morphological constraint of having a smaller mouth gape (0.69 mm) compared to the body depth (0.72 mm with yolk sac) of the 4.3 mm cod larvae (Folkvord 1997, Puvanendran et al 2004. Studies on the relationship between prey body depth to predator mouth gape ratios and cannibalism or piscivory are limited, compared to body-length relationships.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Cannibalism in Atlantic cod is a common occurrence in both wild fish stocks and in aquaculture, and the losses can be devastating under culture conditions if it is not managed properly (Folkvord 1991, Bogstad et al 1994. Batch spawning over the course of 2 to 3 mo can lead to high within-year size variation, with first feeding larvae and early juveniles often co-occurring both spatially and temporally (Folkvord 1997). Due to this, cannibalism in Atlantic cod has received considerable attention in field and aquaculture studies and is assumed to significantly affect recruitment to the cod fishery as well as contribute to high economic losses in the cod aquaculture industry (Bogstad et al 1994, Blom & Folkvord 1997.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cannibalism of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua larvae and juveniles on first-week larvae

Puvanendran¹,

Laurel²,

Brown³

2008

Aquat. Biol.

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Cannibalism in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua is widespread under both field and culture conditions, but no studies have been conducted on the behavioural ontogeny of cannibalism in this species. We carried out an experiment to investigate the onset and ontogenetic changes in cannibalistic behaviour of Atlantic cod during early developmental stages. Cod larvae were separated into 4 size classes (6, 9, 12 and 15 mm) to monitor cannibalistic activity on first-week (~4 mm) conspecific larvae. Five cannibalistic behaviours (fixation, aggression, fin nipping, attacking and engulfing) were monitored when the predator was introduced to the observation chamber. Cannibalistic attacks initially appeared in 9 mm predators, although 6 mm larvae showed prey interest and engaged in fin nipping behaviour. The 9 and 12 mm larvae engaged in similar rates of cannibalistic activity, while 15 mm fish demonstrated a significant increase. These behavioural changes appear to coincide with the morphological and physiological changes associated with juvenile metamorphosis, namely fin ray, vertebrae and stomach development. More importantly, our observations indicate that cannibalism reduces survival of conspecifics at earlier developmental stages than indicated by diet analyses alone.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cannibalism of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua larvae and juveniles on first-week larvae

Puvanendran¹,

Laurel²,

Brown³

2008

Aquat. Biol.

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“…Cannibalism is a frequent phenomenon in cultured fish (Smith and Reay, 1991;Hecht and Pienaar, 1993;Folkvord, 1997;Baras, 1998;Baras and Jobling, 2002). It is proportionally more frequent among predatory species than in other taxa (esocids, Bry and Gillet, 1980;Giles et al, 1986;Bry et al, 1992;Kucharczyk et al, 1998;clariids, Hecht and Appelbaum, 1988;Baras, 1999;characids: Baras et al, 2000;Gomes et al, 2000;percids: Cuff, 1977percids: Cuff, , 1980Loadman et al, 1986;Brabrand, 1995;Mélard et al, 1996a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of stocking density on the dynamics of cannibalism in sibling larvae of Perca fluviatilis under controlled conditions

Baras

Kestemont²,

Mélard

2003

Aquaculture

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The effect of stocking density (10, 31.6 and 100 larvae l À 1 ; three replicates per treatment) on the day-by-day dynamics of survival, growth and cannibalism was examined in sibling perch larvae reared from eyed-egg stage in 100-l cages (16L:8D, 20.0 F 0.5 jC, O 2 z 6.0 mg l À 1 ; feeding in excess with live Artemia nauplii during the photophase) during the first 3 weeks of exogenous feeding. Larvae unable to achieve the transition to exogenous feeding died in between 7 and 11 days post-hatch. Later, mortality from causes other than cannibalism never exceeded 1% day À 1 . Cannibalism did not start before days 10 -11 and first consisted in the incomplete ingestion of prey attacked tail first, exclusively. This type of cannibalism never caused losses higher than 2.0% of the initial stock, and ceased after days 16 -18. From days 12 -14 onwards, differential growth was apparent, and cannibals turned to complete cannibalism of small prey ingested head first, which caused greater losses (28 -53% of the stock). Increasing the stocking density did not compromise growth and decreased the overall impact of cannibalism through several complementary mechanisms: (i) a postponed emergence of cannibalism, (ii) a lower proportion of cannibals in the population, and (iii) probably a lower rate of cannibalism per capita as predation was complicated and less directed at high stocking density. D

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“…Sifat kanibal kepiting bakau mulai meningkat dan persentasenya sangat tinggi terjadi pada stadia krablet karena capitnya telah terbentuk secara sempurna. Selain sifat alaminya, kanibalisme ini juga dipicu oleh adanya perbedaan ukuran yang mencolok di antara individu, serta adanya ketidakcukupan pakan baik kuantitas maupun kualitasnya dalam suatu wadah atau badan air yang terbatas (Folkvord & Ottera, 1993;Hecht & Piennar, 1993;Folkvord, 1997). Pada masa pendederan, krablet kepiting bakau biasanya dipelihara dengan kepadatan tinggi untuk menghasilkan jumlah benih yang siap tebar di tambak pembesaran.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN KRABLET KEPITING BAKAU (Scylla olivacea) DENGAN FREKUENSI PEMBERIAN PAKAN BERBEDA PADA STADIA PENDEDERAN

Kamaruddin

Usman

Laining

2016

Jurnal Riset Akuakultur

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ABSTRAKSalah satu upaya untuk menekan tingkat kanibalisme dan memicu pertumbuhan krablet kepiting bakau adalah dengan pemberian pakan yang cukup, baik jumlah maupun mutu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kinerja pertumbuhan dan sintasan krablet kepiting bakau dengan frekuensi pemberian pakan berbeda pada stadia pendederan. Hewan uji berupa krablet kepiting bakau dengan bobot awal 0,037 ± 0,005 g dan lebar karapas awal 3,43 ± 0,42 mm; menggunakan sembilan unit fiber gelas dengan ukuran masing-masing 1 m x 1 m x 0,5 m. Hewan uji ditebar dengan kepadatan 50 ekor/m 2 . Perlakuan yang diujicobakan adalah frekuensi pemberian pakan per hari, yaitu: (A) dua kali (pukul 08.00 dan 18.00), (B) tiga kali (pukul 08.00, 13.00, dan 18.00), dan (C) empat kali (pukul 08.00, 13.00, 18.00, dan 23.00). Pakan yang digunakan berupa pelet dengan kandungan protein kasar 46,5%; lemak 8,8%; dan energi total 18,8 MJ/kg. Dosis pakan harian sebanyak 30%-15% bobot badan secara menurun hingga akhir penelitian. Setelah lima minggu pemeliharaan didapatkan hasil yang menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan, sintasan, konsumsi pakan harian, rasio konversi pakan, dan rasio efisiensi protein tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P>0,05) di antara perlakuan. Namun demikian, pemberian pakan empat kali sehari cenderung menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang lebih cepat dan dengan ukuran krablet yang lebih seragam.

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Ontogeny of cannibalism in larval and juvenile fishes with special emphasis on Atlantic cod

Cited by 61 publications

References 71 publications

Cannibalism of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua larvae and juveniles on first-week larvae

Cannibalism of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua larvae and juveniles on first-week larvae

Effect of stocking density on the dynamics of cannibalism in sibling larvae of Perca fluviatilis under controlled conditions

PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN KRABLET KEPITING BAKAU (Scylla olivacea) DENGAN FREKUENSI PEMBERIAN PAKAN BERBEDA PADA STADIA PENDEDERAN

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