Ontogeny of embryonic behavior in Aves. I. The chronology and general nature of the behavior of the chick embryo

Kuo, Zing Yang

doi:10.1002/jez.1400610304

Cited by 161 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Each mass divides, generating successively smaller masses, and eventually forming each individual muscle around HH35. Movements of the ankle and digits begin at HH32 and at HH35, respectively [23]. The complex combination of muscles and tendons controlling bird toes is highly variable among taxa.…”

Section: Results (A) Rotation Of Digit IV In Budgerigar Development (mentioning

confidence: 99%

The developmental origin of zygodactyl feet and its possible loss in the evolution of Passeriformes

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The zygodactyl orientation of toes (digits II and III pointing forwards, digits I and IV pointing backwards) evolved independently in different extant bird taxa. To understand the origin of this trait in modern birds, we investigated the development of the zygodactyl foot of the budgerigar (Psittaciformes). We compared its muscular development with that of the anisodactyl quail (Galliformes) and show that while the musculus abductor digiti IV (ABDIV) becomes strongly developed at HH36 in both species, the musculus extensor brevis digiti IV (EBDIV) degenerates and almost disappears only in the budgerigar. The asymmetric action of those muscles early in the development of the budgerigar foot causes retroversion of digit IV (dIV). Paralysed budgerigar embryos do not revert dIV and are anisodactyl. Both molecular phylogenetic analysis and palaeontological information suggest that the ancestor of passerines could have been zygodactyl. We followed the development of the zebra finch (Passeriformes) foot muscles and found that in this species, both the primordia of the ABDIV and of the EBDIV fail to develop. These data suggest that loss of asymmetric forces of muscular activity exerted on dIV, caused by the absence of the ABDIV, could have resulted in secondary anisodactyly in Passeriformes.

show abstract

Section: Results (A) Rotation Of Digit IV In Budgerigar Development (mentioning

confidence: 99%

The developmental origin of zygodactyl feet and its possible loss in the evolution of Passeriformes

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Synapse formation (both local and retinotectal synapses) seems to begin around day 8 of incubation [21,30], and it is possible to observe mature synapses, both structurally and electrically, by day 11 [22]. Bioelectrical maturation proceeds stead ily from that date on, and by day 17-18 of embryogenesis, the maturation of the photo receptor outer segments makes the whole visual system receptive to visual input so that light reflexes [12] and light-evoked tectal po tentials [20][21][22]29] can be elicited for the first time. The developmental profiles of AChE in figure 2 for both retina and optic tectum fol low more or less closely the maturation and functional organization of the neural tissue as we have just described it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Forms of Acetylcholinesterase in the Developing Chick Visual System

et al. 1981

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The developmental profiles of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, and of some of its quaternary structural forms, characterized by discrete sedimentation coefficients, have been comparatively analyzed in chick retina and optic tectum, between embryonic day 8 and day 10 after hatching. Four molecular species of AChE have been characterized in both retina and tectum during this developmental period: two of them with sedimentation coefficients of 11S and 6S, accounting together for 94–99% of the AChE activity in the initial homogenate, can be easily extracted by homogenization in a buffer containing 1 % Triton X-100 and 1 M NaCl, at 4°C. The other two, however, are not extractable by such treatment, but can be released by collagenase from the residue left after the detergent-salt extraction; they have apparent sedimentation coefficients of 21.5S and 16.5S and represent, together, less than 2% of the activity in the initial homogenate. All four forms of the enzyme show distinctive patterns of change during the developmental period considered, with significant differences between retina and tectum. These differences are discussed in the context of the specific roles of retina and tectum in the visual process.

show abstract

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15] Extraembryonic mesoderm (EEM) contains at least 2 additional tissue types, somatic and splanchnic EEM, which differentiate into smooth muscle and connective tissue and constitute dorsal and ventral linings of the extraembryonic coelom. 16,17 Blood and endothelial cells separate early from the splanchnic mesoderm as aggregates on its ventral side, variously called blood islands, angioblasts, or hemangioblasts. [18][19][20] These aggregates are referred to as blood islands in this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%