“…Even if morphologically mature lymphoid cells are present at early stages, fish might not be functionally immunocompetent until later (Tatner, 1996). The appearance of surface Ig + B cells and cytoplasmic Ig + plasma cells might better indicate the functional maturity of the lymphoid system as suggested for salmon, Salmo salar (Ellis, 1977), carp, Cyprinus carpio (van Loon et al, 1981;Koumans van Diepen et al, 1994), skate, Bathyraja aleutica (Kobayashi et al, 1985), rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Razquin et al, 1990;Castillo et al, 1993) and sea bass, Dicentrachus labrax (Breuil et al, 1997). As the responses to most antigens (T dependent antigens) depend on both T and B cell recognition, the ontogeny of these cell types is important.…”