Ontogeny of protease, amylase and lipase in the alimentary tract of hybrid Juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus)

Abstract

Juvenile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus · O. aureus), with average body weights of groups I, II and III of 55.14, 122.82, and 225.68 g respectively were used to study changes in the activity of protease, amylase, and lipase in different organs and sections of the alimentary tract. Additionally, tract containing digesta, which is closer to physiological conditions, may help reveal the mechanisms of whole chemical digestion process. Another group of tilapias (mean body weight of 111.81 ± 0.14 g) was used to analyze changes in activity of protease, lipase, and amylase in response to varying pH and temperatures. The activity of enzymes in all digestive organs increased when body weight increased from 55 to 122 g, and the activity further increased when the weights increased from 122 to 225 g. The rates of increase in digestive enzyme activity were significantly greater than the rates of growth of the fish. When the activity was compared in different sections of the tract, a similar regularity was found for the three enzymes in all fish. The highest amounts of activity were seen in the foregut and the lowest in the rectum, with the middle amount of activity in the hindgut. The pH ranges for the maximum activity of tilapia protease in the stomach and intestine were 1.6-3.3 and 9.5-10.5 respectively and the optimal temperature in these organs was 55°C. The pH ranges for the maximum amylase activity in the intestine and hepatopancreas were 6-7 and 7.5 respectively, and high amylase activity in these organs was found at 25-35°C. The activity of lipase in the intestine remained unchanged at pH 6.0-9.0 and with temperatures between 25 and 35°C. These results suggest that the ability of tilapia to utilize feed varies at different growth stages and remains relatively stable with changes in environmental pH and temperature, which should be taken into account when designing feed formulas for tilapia.

Assessment of enzymatic efficiency on protein digestion in the tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

“…A great number of studies have been oriented to quantification of digestive proteases in the gut of different fish species (Drewe et al 2004;Lundstedt et al 2004;Chakrabarti et al 2006;Jun-sheng et al 2006). Most of those studies express such activities in relation to mg of soluble protein (specific activity) or mg of tissue.…”

Partial characterization of pyloric-duodenal lipase of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

“…Activity without sodium taurocholate was considered as 100% Optimal pH for the lipase activity in S. aurata was found to be close to 9, being in agreement with the optimal pH reported for other intestinal enzymes in this species (Munilla-Moran and Saborido-Rey 1996a, b). Similar values have been described for lipases in other fish species like the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), cod (Gadus morhua), red sea bream (Pagrus major), Pacific blue tuna (Thunnus orientalis), grey mullet (Liza parsia), Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae), or carnivorous teleost fish of Tibet (Glyptosternum maculatum) (Metin and Akpinar 2000;Tocher and Sargent 1984;Gjellesvik et al 1989;Iijima et al 1998;Matus de la Parra et al 2007;Islam et al 2008;Kurtovic et al 2010;Xiong et al 2010, respectively), while maximum activity at a more neutral pH has been reported in species like Cyprinion macrostomus or the tilapia (Taniguchi et al 2001;Degerli and Akpinar 2002;Jun-Sheng et al 2006). The lipase activity was highly stable at pH 7-8, this being in agreement with the pH range found for many fish intestinal digestive enzymes (Iijima et al 1997;Ugolev andKuz 0 mina 1993, in Kuzmina andUshakova 2007), as well to the normal pH values measured in the intestine of this species (Deguara et al 2003).…”

“…The evaluation of digestive lipases has been carried out in different fish species like Pagrus major (Iijima et al 1998), Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Lundstedt et al 2004), Oreochromis spp. (Jun-Sheng et al 2006), Thunnus orintalis (Matus de la Parra et al 2007), Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and Macruronus novaezelandiae (Kurtovic et al 2010), or Glyptosternum maculatum (Xiong et al 2010. Other aspects, like its changes with larval development (Izquierdo and Henderson 1998;Cahu et al 2000), effect of diet on lipase activity (Debnath et al 2007;Hansen et al 2008;Chatzifotis et al 2008), or the effect of supplementary lipase on growth and body composition (Samuelsen et al 2001) have been also assessed.…”

Influence of season, environment and feeding habits on the enzymatic activity of peptidase and β-glucosidase in the gastrointestinal tract of two Siluriformes fishes (Teleostei)

“…The most important enzymes for digestion are peptidases (CHAKRABARTI et al 1995, CASTILLO-YÁÑEZ et al 2006, JUN-SHENG et al 2006, KLOMKLAO et al 2007, BOUGATEF et al 2010, the lipases (NATALIA et al 2004, JUN-SHENG et al 2006 and enzymes that hydrolyze carbohydrates such as amylases, maltases, chitinases and glucosidases (KUZ'MINA et al 1996, PAPOUTSOGLOU & LYNDON 2006). An important aspect of this is the distribution of enzymes in the organs involved in the biosynthesis of digestive Influence of season, environment and feeding habits on the enzymatic activity of peptidase and ␤ ␤ ␤ ␤ ␤-glucosidase in the gastrointestinal tract of two Siluriformes fishes (Teleostei) activities (BUDDINGTON & DIAMOND 1986, BAIRAGI et al 2002, BOUGATEF et al 2010, which can change among species, seasons and environmental conditions.…”