Open Source Modeling of Heart Rhythm and Cardiac Pacing

Lian, Jie

doi:10.2174/1876536x01003010028

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In [19,34], the authors develop a model of the cardiac conduction system that addresses the stochastic behavior of the heart, validated via simulation. However, the hybrid behavior of the heart is not considered.…”

Section: Related Work Discussion and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invariant Verification of Nonlinear Hybrid Automata Networks of Cardiac Cells

Huang

Fan

Mereacre

et al. 2014

Computer Aided Verification

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Abstract. Verification algorithms for networks of nonlinear hybrid automata (HA) can aid understanding and controling of biological processes such as cardiac arrhythmia, formation of memory, and genetic regulation. We present an algorithm for over-approximating reach sets of networks of nonlinear HA which can be used for sound and relatively complete invariant checking. First, it uses automatically computed input-to-state discrepancy functions for the individual automata modules in the network A for constructing a low-dimensional model M. Simulations of both A and M are then used to compute the reach tubes for A. These techniques enable us to handle a challenging verification problem involving a network of cardiac cells, where each cell has four continuous variables and 29 locations. Our prototype tool can check bounded-time invariants for networks with 5 cells (20 continuous variables, 295 locations) typically in less than 15 minutes for up to reasonable time horizons. From the computed reach tubes we can infer biologically relevant properties of the network from a set of initial states.

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Section: Related Work Discussion and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invariant Verification of Nonlinear Hybrid Automata Networks of Cardiac Cells

Huang

Fan

Mereacre

et al. 2014

Computer Aided Verification

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“…This paper reviews the state-of-the-art heart models [3], [6]- [9] that have been designed specifically for the closed-loop testing of cardiac pacemakers. Without introducing significant computational complexity, we propose significant improvements to the modelling of the cardiac conduction system to create a heart model that produces realistic continuous-time electrical signals that a pacemaker would sense.…”

Section: A Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the Emulation of the Cardiac Conduction System for Pacemaker Validation

Yip

Andalam

Roop

et al. 2018

ACM Trans. Cyber-Phys. Syst.

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The heart is a vital organ that relies on the orchestrated propagation of electrical stimuli to coordinate each heart beat. Abnormalities in the heart's electrical behaviour can be managed with a cardiac pacemaker. Recently, the closed-loop testing of pacemakers with an emulation (real-time simulation) of the heart has been proposed. An emulated heart would provide realistic reactions to the pacemaker as if it were a real heart. This enables developers to interrogate their pacemaker design without having to engage in costly or lengthy clinical trials. Many high-fidelity heart models have been developed, but are too computationally intensive to be simulated in real-time. Heart models, designed specifically for the closed-loop testing of pacemakers, are too abstract to be useful in the testing of physical pacemakers.In the context of pacemaker testing, this paper presents a more computationally efficient heart model that generates realistic continuous-time electrical signals. The heart model is composed of cardiac cells that are connected by paths. Significant improvements were made to an existing cardiac cell model to stabilise its activation behaviour and to an existing path model to capture the behaviour of continuous electrical propagation. We provide simulation results that show our ability to faithfully model complex re-entrant circuits (that cause arrhythmia) that existing heart models can not.

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“…In [9,18], the authors develop a model of the cardiac conduction system that addresses the stochastic behaviour of the heart, validated via simulation. However, the hybrid behaviour of the heart is not considered.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative verification of implantable cardiac pacemakers over hybrid heart models

Chen

Diciolla

Kwiatkowska

et al. 2014

Information and Computation

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We develop a model-based framework which supports approximate quantitative verification of implantable cardiac pacemaker models over hybrid heart models. The framework is based on hybrid input-output automata and can be instantiated with user-specified pacemaker and heart models. For the specifications, we identify two property patterns which are tailored to the verification of pacemakers: "can the pacemaker maintain a normal heart behaviour?" and "what is the energy level of the battery after t time units?". We implement the framework in Simulink based on the discrete-time simulation semantics and endow it with a range of basic and advanced quantitative property checks. The advanced property checks include the correction of pacemaker mediated Tachycardia and how the noise on sensor leads influences the pacing level. We demonstrate the usefulness of the framework for safety assurance of pacemaker software by instantiating it with two hybrid heart models and verifying a number of correctness properties with encouraging experimental results.

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Open Source Modeling of Heart Rhythm and Cardiac Pacing

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Invariant Verification of Nonlinear Hybrid Automata Networks of Cardiac Cells

Invariant Verification of Nonlinear Hybrid Automata Networks of Cardiac Cells

Towards the Emulation of the Cardiac Conduction System for Pacemaker Validation

Quantitative verification of implantable cardiac pacemakers over hybrid heart models

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