2007
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050198
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Open Syntaxin Docks Synaptic Vesicles

Abstract: Synaptic vesicles dock to the plasma membrane at synapses to facilitate rapid exocytosis. Docking was originally proposed to require the soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive fusion attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins; however, perturbation studies suggested that docking was independent of the SNARE proteins. We now find that the SNARE protein syntaxin is required for docking of all vesicles at synapses in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The active zone protein UNC-13, which interacts with syntaxin,… Show more

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Cited by 176 publications
(255 citation statements)
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References 93 publications
(124 reference statements)
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“…To test our results in an intact physiological system, we examined synaptic vesicle fusion at the neuromuscular junction in the nematode C. elegans. The synaptic fusion machinery in nematodes is conserved with that of mammals, requiring both syntaxin/UNC-64 and the SM protein Munc18-1/UNC-18 (23,49). Moreover, worms with N-peptide mutations exhibit uncoordinated phenotypes (38,39), similar to the UNC-18 mutant animals (23).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…To test our results in an intact physiological system, we examined synaptic vesicle fusion at the neuromuscular junction in the nematode C. elegans. The synaptic fusion machinery in nematodes is conserved with that of mammals, requiring both syntaxin/UNC-64 and the SM protein Munc18-1/UNC-18 (23,49). Moreover, worms with N-peptide mutations exhibit uncoordinated phenotypes (38,39), similar to the UNC-18 mutant animals (23).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…In fact, a recent study has also reported quantitative differences in docking defects between SNAP-25 null and Munc18-1 null chromaffin cells (24). Furthermore, some of the subtle docking phenotypes previously reported require advanced methodology and new docking definitions to become fully confirmed (25). Therefore, the morphological docking defects described in the literature may actually represent dysfunction during different molecular steps.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In an in vitro assay for formation of the vesicular tubular cluster, an intermediate in transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus, antibodies against Syntaxin 5, a homolog of Vam3p, inhibit vesicle ''coisolation,'' as does addition of a dominant negative mutant of ␣-SNAP that blocks NSF SNARE complex disassembly activity (58,59). Docking of synaptic vesicles to the plasma membrane in Caenorhabditis elegans neuromuscular junctions also requires syntaxin (60). SNARE-dependent (21, 61) and syntaxin-, synaptotagmin I-, phosphatidylserine-, and Ca 2ϩ -dependent (19) proteoliposome clustering have also been reported, although in both cases this clustering was independent of Rab GTPases and effectors.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%