Open Versus Endoscopic Excision of a Symptomatic Os Trigonum: A Comparative Study of 41 Cases

Disorders of the Flexor Hallucis Longus and Os Trigonum

“…Average time to return to sports or activities was 5.9 weeks to 5.8 months. 23,[60][61][62][63]65,66,[70][71][72] Open excision of the os trigonum through PM or PL approaches were effective and safe in the patients with os trigonum syndrome. 29,73 Previous studies reported significant improvement of AOFAS scores, and average AOFAS scores were 87.6 to 100.0 points at the final postoperative visit.…”

“…29,73 Previous studies reported significant improvement of AOFAS scores, and average AOFAS scores were 87.6 to 100.0 points at the final postoperative visit. 13,23,57,74 Average time to return to sports and activities was 3 to 5.7 months. 13,23 Flexor Hallucis Longus…”

“…13,23,57,74 Average time to return to sports and activities was 3 to 5.7 months. 13,23 Flexor Hallucis Longus…”

“…23 Arthroscopic os trigonum excision can be performed from either a lateral or a posterior approach. 23,[60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67] The authors prefer prone over lateral decubitus position because it provides a more direct approach to the os trigonum, decreases the risk of instrument skiving off toward the neurovascular bundles, and simultaneously allows performance of the procedure for FHL pathology.…”

“…10 Acute fracture of the Stieda process or the synchondrosis of the os trigonum is a rare condition, and only a few cases of this fracture have been reported in the literature. 10,[16][17][18][19][20][21] Often called posterior ankle impingement syndrome, 22 the syndrome is synonymous with the terms posterior talar compression syndrome, 11 os trigonum syndrome, 23,24 posterior ankle block, 2,25 nutcracker-type impingement, 26,27 and posterior tibiotalar impingement syndrome. 28 Repeated forceful plantar flexion of the ankle joint is a well-known cause of os trigonum syndrome, 17 and it can cause pain posterior to the ankle joint.…”