OpenChirp: A Low-Power Wide-Area Networking architecture

Dongare, Adwait; Hesling, Craig; Bhatia, Khushboo; Balanuta, Artur; Pereira, Ricardo Lopes; Iannucci, Bob; Rowe, Anthony

doi:10.1109/percomw.2017.7917625

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The Network Server is the heart of the LoRaWAN protocol, where all MAC functionality controlled by the Network Server. Network Server is the termination point of the LoRaWAN MAC layer for the end-nodes and responsible for [51,55] An alternative open protocol OpenChirp is presented by Dongare et al [153], which has a purpose to provide simplified LoRaWAN network services such as; data serialization, meta-data, and time series data storage.…”

Section: Lorawan Network Servermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on LoRaWAN Architecture, Protocol and Technologies

et al. 2019

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Internet of Things (IoT) expansion led the market to find alternative communication technologies since existing protocols are insufficient in terms of coverage, energy consumption to fit IoT needs. Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) emerged as an alternative cost-effective communication technology for the IoT market. LoRaWAN is an open LPWAN standard developed by LoRa Alliance and has key features i.e., low energy consumption, long-range communication, builtin security, GPS-free positioning. In this paper, we will introduce LoRaWAN technology, the state of art studies in the literature and provide open opportunities. Several LPWANs emerged on both licensed and unlicensed bands, LoRaWAN, Sigfox and, NB-IoT are widely deployed vital technologies [3].Sigfox is an ultra-narrow band network that is patented and operated by Sigfox. Sigfox occupies 100 Hz and operates at 433MHz, 868MHz and 915MHz frequencies depending on the geographical regions. Technology has strict constraints on the number of packets (140 per day) and the packet size (12 bytes) to be sent. Also, LoRaWAN has similar policies to prevent network congestion allowing channels to be available only %1 duty-cycle for EU 868MHz (See Section 2.4.7). NB-IoT is an ultra-narrow band technology developed by the 3GPP group which can be adopted on GSM and LTE networks. It occupies 200 MHz bandwidth and can reach up to 200 kbps data transmission speed. Compared to LoRaWAN, Sigfox and NB-IoT operated by global network operators which limit deployments of the private networks [4].An overview comparison of the three networks is shown in Table 1. When LPWAN characteristics are considered LoRaWAN becomes a strong candidate for both scientific and industrial uses cases.LoRa referrer to Long Range and a physical layer technology patented by Semtech [5].LoRaWAN is an open protocol proposed by the LoRa Alliance which enables the MAC layer for the network [6].In this study, we will introduce the technological aspects of LoRaWAN and the state of art studies fulfilled about LoRaWAN till today. LoRaWAN protocol was first released in 2015 and had a few minor revisions, the differences in the protocol has been highlighted in the relevant subsection. In the survey, we will introduce LoRaWAN in depth both technological aspects and the use cases of its different areas. We categorized literature studies as in Figure 1. Studies are classified as two main sections; network technology and the applications, each section has own sub-branches. The majority of the work is focused on the coverage tests and applicability of the technology for different fields from large scale smart city applications to personal tracking assets. However, there are still gaps in the literature where researchers can address these problems such as post-disaster communication, decentralized networks, network management, and Adaptive Data Rate.

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Section: Lorawan Network Servermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on LoRaWAN Architecture, Protocol and Technologies

et al. 2019

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“…However, in their design, little was mentioned regarding the type of CR sensing technology adopted at the PHY layer. Dongare and Rowe introduced SDR technology at the LPWAN GW for the future exploration of white spaces. However, they did not mention whether SS was used in their design or not.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They suggested that C‐LPWAN performs better than some known LPWAN technologies such as LoRa (Long Range), NB‐IoT, and LTE‐M in terms of its delay reduction and minimal energy consumption rates. The OpenChirp technology was introduced by Dongare et al in Reference as a LPWAN architecture and a gateway (GW) technology integrated with software defined radio (SDR) to explore white spaces. They suggested that their new LPWAN platform offers a cost‐effective and highly deployable mechanism, which is based on LoRaWAN technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive threshold techniques for cognitive radio‐based low power wide area network

Onumanyi

Abu‐Mahfouz

Hancke

2020

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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Some low power wide area network (LPWAN) developers such as Sigfox, Weightless, and Nwave, have recently commenced the integration of cognitive radio (CR) techniques in their respective LPWAN technologies, generally termed CR-LPWAN systems. Their objective is to overcome specific limitations associated with LPWANs such as spectra congestion and interference, which in turn will improve the performance of many Internet of Things (IoT)-based applications. However, in order to be effective under dynamic sensing conditions, CR-LPWAN systems are typically required to adopt adaptive threshold techniques (ATTs) in order to improve their sensing performance. Consequently, in this article, we have investigated some of these notable ATTs to determine their suitability for CR-LPWAN systems. To accomplish this goal, first, we describe a network architecture and physical layer model suitable for the effective integration of CR in LPWAN. Then, some specific ATTs were investigated following this model based on an experimental setup constructed using the B200 Universal Software Radio Peripheral kit. Several tests were conducted, and our findings suggest that no single ATT was able to perform best under all sensing conditions. Thus, CR-LPWAN developers may be required to select a suitable ATT only based on the specific condition(s) for which the IoT application is designed. Nevertheless, some ATTs such as the forward consecutive mean excision algorithm, the histogram partitioning algorithm and the nonparametric amplitude quantization method achieved noteworthy performances under a broad range of tested conditions. Our findings will be beneficial to developers who may be interested in deploying effective ATTs for CR-LPWAN systems.

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“…A P2P network is created when multiple nodes connect and communicate with one another without a server connection such as a client server network. It can be operated at a large scale in which special protocols and applications are used to connect directly with other networks such as LPWAN gateways [16].…”

Section: Peer-to-peer (P2p) and Ad-hoc Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bushfire Disaster Monitoring System Using Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN)

Kang¹,

Adibi²

2017

Technologies

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Some applications, including disaster monitoring and recovery networks, use low-power wide-area networks (LPWAN). LPWAN sensors capture data bits and transmit them to public carrier networks (e.g., cellular networks) via dedicated gateways. One of the challenges encountered in disaster management scenarios revolves around the carry/forward sensed data and geographical location information dissemination to the disaster relief operatives (disaster relief agency; DRA) to identify, characterise, and prioritise the affected areas. There are network topology options to reach its destination, including cellular, circuit switched, and peer-to-peer networks. In the context of natural disaster prediction, it is vital to access geographical location data as well as the timestamp. This paper proposes the usage of Pseudo A Number (PAN), that is, the calling party address, which is used by every network to include the location information instead of the actual calling party address of the gateway in LPWAN. This PAN information can be further analysed by the DRA to identify the affected areas and predict the complications of the disaster impacts in addition to the past history of damages. This paper aims to propose a solution that can predict disaster proceedings based on propagation and the velocity of impact using vector calculation of the location data and the timestamp, which are transmitted by sensors through the PAN of the gateway in LPWAN.

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OpenChirp: A Low-Power Wide-Area Networking architecture

Cited by 41 publications

References 3 publications

A Survey on LoRaWAN Architecture, Protocol and Technologies

A Survey on LoRaWAN Architecture, Protocol and Technologies

Adaptive threshold techniques for cognitive radio‐based low power wide area network

Bushfire Disaster Monitoring System Using Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN)

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