Operation and Application of a Regional High-Frequency Radar Network in the Mid-Atlantic Bight

Roarty, Hugh; Glenn, Scott; Kohut, Josh; Gong, Donglai; Handel, Ethan; Rivera, Erick; Garner, Teresa; Atkinson, Larry P.; Brown, W.; Jakubiak, Chris; Muglia, Mike; Haines, Sara; Seim, Harvey

doi:10.4031/mtsj.44.6.5

Cited by 62 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…If any UWLS-derived total vector had an error threshold above 1.5, it was not considered in the analysis. This is consistent with quality standards already governing the data going to the EDS and SAROPS and the national network (Harlan et al 2010;Roarty et al 2010). …”

Section: Unweighted Least Squaressupporting

confidence: 62%

“…The HF radar data were provided by the MARACOOS network, a nested array of 5 MHz long range systems, 13 MHz standard range systems, and 25 MHz high resolution systems (Roarty et al 2010). The nested coverage stretches across the shelf from Cape Cod, MA to Cape Hatteras, NC with higher resolution into the estuaries.…”

Section: Hf Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies have shown that the time series of mapped surface currents provided by regional scale HF radar networks reduce search areas by a factor of 3 (O'Donnell et al 2005;Ullman et al 2003;Roarty et al 2010). If these surface currents have lower uncertainties, there is less dispersion in the cluster, a smaller more accurate search area, and greater likelihood for success.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 35-site MARACOOS network is a triplenested HF radar network that covers the continental shelf between Cape Hatteras, NC and Cape Cod, MA with higher resolution coverage nearshore and into the estuaries. Since the first sites were deployed in 1998, there have been evaluations to determine the optimal system configuration and associated vector uncertainty in the 5-, 13-, and 25-MHz bands (Kohut and Glenn 2003;Kohut et al 2006;O'Donnell et al 2005;Roarty et al 2010). These frequencies cover the scales of the mid and outer shelf, inner shelf, and harbors/ estuaries, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coordinated through the U.S. IOOS, the Mid-Atlantic Regional Association Coastal Ocean Observing System (MARACOOS) has evaluated the application of these data and provided estimates of uncertainty for incorporation into SAROPS (O'Donnell et al 2005;Roarty et al 2010;Ullman et al 2003). The 35-site MARACOOS network is a triplenested HF radar network that covers the continental shelf between Cape Hatteras, NC and Cape Cod, MA with higher resolution coverage nearshore and into the estuaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of two algorithms for a network of coastal HF radars in the Mid-Atlantic Bight

et al. 2012

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The National High Frequency (HF) Surface Current Mapping Radar Network is being developed as a backbone system within the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System. This paper focuses on the application of HF radarderived surface current maps to U.S. Coast Guard Search and Rescue operations along the Mid-Atlantic coast of the USA. In that context, we evaluated two algorithms used to combine maps of radial currents into a single map of total vector currents. In situ data provided by seven drifter deployments and four bottom-mounted current meters were used to (1) evaluate the well-established unweighted least squares (UWLS) and the more recently adapted optimal interpolation (OI) algorithms and (2) quantify the sensitivity of the OI algorithm to varying decorrelation scales and error thresholds. Results with both algorithms were shown to depend on the location within the HF radar data footprint. The comparisons near the center of the HF radar coverage showed no significant difference between the two algorithms. The most significant distinction between the two was seen in the drifter trajectories. With these simulations, the weighting of radial velocities by distance in the OI implementation was very effective at reducing both the distance between the actual drifter and the cluster of simulated particles as well as the scale of the search area that encompasses them. In this study, the OI further reduced the already improved UWLS-based search areas by an additional factor of 2. The results also indicated that the OI output was relatively insensitive to the varying decorrelation scales and error thresholds tested.

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Section: Unweighted Least Squaressupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Hf Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of two algorithms for a network of coastal HF radars in the Mid-Atlantic Bight

et al. 2012

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Rapid shelf‐wide cooling response of a stratified coastal ocean to hurricanes

Seroka

Miles

et al. 2017

JGR Oceans

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Large uncertainty in the predicted intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) persists compared to the steadily improving skill in the predicted TC tracks. This intensity uncertainty has its most significant implications in the coastal zone, where TC impacts to populated shorelines are greatest. Recent studies have demonstrated that rapid ahead‐of‐eye‐center cooling of a stratified coastal ocean can have a significant impact on hurricane intensity forecasts. Using observation‐validated, high‐resolution ocean modeling, the stratified coastal ocean cooling processes observed in two U.S. Mid‐Atlantic hurricanes were investigated: Hurricane Irene (2011)—with an inshore Mid‐Atlantic Bight (MAB) track during the late summer stratified coastal ocean season—and Tropical Storm Barry (2007)—with an offshore track during early summer. For both storms, the critical ahead‐of‐eye‐center depth‐averaged force balance across the entire MAB shelf included an onshore wind stress balanced by an offshore pressure gradient. This resulted in onshore surface currents opposing offshore bottom currents that enhanced surface to bottom current shear and turbulent mixing across the thermocline, resulting in the rapid cooling of the surface layer ahead‐of‐eye‐center. Because the same baroclinic and mixing processes occurred for two storms on opposite ends of the track and seasonal stratification envelope, the response appears robust. It will be critical to forecast these processes and their implications for a wide range of future storms using realistic 3‐D coupled atmosphere‐ocean models to lower the uncertainty in predictions of TC intensities and impacts and enable coastal populations to better respond to increasing rapid intensification threats in an era of rising sea levels.

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Coastal ocean circulation during Hurricane Sandy

2017

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Hurricane Sandy (2012) was the second costliest tropical cyclone to impact the United States and resulted in numerous lives lost due to its high winds and catastrophic storm surges. Despite its impacts little research has been performed on the circulation on the continental shelf as Sandy made landfall. In this study, integrated ocean observing assets and regional ocean modeling were used to investigate the coastal ocean response to Sandy's large wind field. Sandy's unique cross‐shelf storm track, large size, and slow speed resulted in along‐shelf wind stress over the coastal ocean for nearly 48 h before the eye made landfall in southern New Jersey. Over the first inertial period (∼18 h), this along‐shelf wind stress drove onshore flow in the surface of the stratified continental shelf and initiated a two‐layer downwelling circulation. During the remaining storm forcing period a bottom Ekman layer developed and the bottom Cold Pool was rapidly advected offshore ∼70 km. This offshore advection removed the bottom Cold Pool from the majority of the shallow continental shelf and limited ahead‐of‐eye‐center sea surface temperature (SST) cooling, which has been observed in previous storms on the MAB such as Hurricane Irene (2011). This cross‐shelf advective process has not been observed previously on continental shelves during tropical cyclones and highlights the need for combined ocean observing systems and regional modeling in order to further understand the range of coastal ocean responses to tropical cyclones.

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Operation and Application of a Regional High-Frequency Radar Network in the Mid-Atlantic Bight

Cited by 62 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of two algorithms for a network of coastal HF radars in the Mid-Atlantic Bight

Evaluation of two algorithms for a network of coastal HF radars in the Mid-Atlantic Bight

Rapid shelf‐wide cooling response of a stratified coastal ocean to hurricanes

Coastal ocean circulation during Hurricane Sandy

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