Operational implications of varying ambient light levels and time‐of‐day effects on saccadic velocity and pupillary light reflex

Yu, Minzhong; Kautz, Mary A.; Thomas, Maria; Johnson, Dagny; Hotchkiss, E.R.; Russo, Michael B.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2006.00450.x

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…In this study, we used a short light stimulus to induce pupillary light reflexes in 24 children with ASDs and 44 children with typical development under both dark-adapted and light-adapted conditions (Yu et al 2007). We found that these two groups showed significant differences in several PLR parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Abnormal Transient Pupillary Light Reflex in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Fan

Miles

Takahashi

et al. 2009

J Autism Dev Disord

103

122

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Computerized binocular infrared pupillography was used to measure the transient pupillary light reflex (PLR) in both children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and children with typical development. We found that participants with ASDs showed significantly longer PLR latency, smaller constriction amplitude and lower constriction velocity than children with typical development. The PLR latency alone can be used to discriminate the ASD group from the control group with a cross-validated success rate of 89.6%. By adding the constriction amplitude, the percentage of correct classification can be further improved to 92.5%. In addition, the right-lateralization of contraction anisocoria that was observed in participants with typical development was not observed in those with ASDs. Further studies are necessary to understand the origin and implications of these observations. It is anticipated that as potential biomarkers, these pupillary light reflex measurements will advance our understanding of neurodevelopmental differences in the autism brain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Abnormal Transient Pupillary Light Reflex in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Fan

Miles

Takahashi

et al. 2009

J Autism Dev Disord

103

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The PLR is an automatic sensory response that allows the eye to adjust the amount of light that reaches the retina. The classic paradigm involves measuring pupil response following a very brief (120 ms) flash of light 31, 32 , but other stimulus formats varying in contrast, luminance, and spatial frequency have also been used 33 . An atypical PLR has been linked to ASD and can even be used to discriminate ASD from controls with high accuracy 25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pupil adaptation corresponds to quantitative measures of autism traits in children

DiCriscio

Troiani

2017

Sci Rep

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The pupil is known to reflect a range of psychological and physiological variables, including cognitive effort, arousal, attention, and even learning. Within autism spectrum disorder (ASD), some work has used pupil physiology to successfully classify patients with or without autism. As we have come to understand the heterogeneity of ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders, the relationship between quantitative traits and physiological markers has become increasingly more important, as this may lead us closer to the underlying biological basis for atypical responses and behaviors. We implemented a novel paradigm designed to capture patterns of pupil adaptation during sustained periods of dark and light conditions in a pediatric sample that varied in intellectual ability and clinical features. We also investigate the relationship between pupil metrics derived from this novel task and quantitative behavioral traits associated with the autism phenotype. We show that pupil metrics of constriction and dilation are distinct from baseline metrics. Pupil dilation metrics correlate with individual differences measured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), a quantitative measure of autism traits. These results suggest that using a novel, yet simple, paradigm can result in meaningful pupil metrics that correlate with individual differences in autism traits, as measured by the SRS.

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“…In addition to genetic variations, there are large inter-individual phenotypic variations in non-image forming effects of light [12]–[14]. Although it is known that dark- and light-adapted pupil sizes in normal healthy subjects have large inter-individual differences [12], [15], [16], genetic factors of inter-individual pupil size have not been elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanopsin Gene Polymorphism I394T Is Associated with Pupillary Light Responses in a Dose-Dependent Manner

et al. 2013

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BackgroundMelanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) play an important role in non-image forming responses to light, such as circadian photoentrainment, light-induced melatonin suppression, and pupillary light response. Although it is known that there are some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the melanopsin (OPN4) gene in humans, the associations of the SNPs with non-image forming responses to light remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the associations of melanopsin gene polymorphisms with pupillary light response.MethodsJapanese university students (mean age: 21.0±1.7 years) with the genotypes of TT (n = 38), TC (n = 28) and CC (n = 7) at rs1079610 (I394T) located in the coding region participated in the present study. They were matched by age and sex ratio. Dark-adapted pupil size (<1 lx) was first measured. Then steady-state pupil size was measured during exposure to five lighting conditions (10 lx, 100 lx, 1000 lx, 3000 lx, 6000 lx in the vertical direction at eye level).ResultsSignificant interaction between the genotype of I394T (TT versus TC+CC) and luminance levels was found in pupil size. Under high illuminance levels (1000 lx, 3000 lx and 6000 lx), pupil sizes in subjects with the C allele were significantly smaller than those in subjects with the TT genotype. On the other hand, pupil size in subjects with the C allele under low illuminance (<1 lx) was significantly larger than that in subjects with the TT genotype. Percentages of pupil constriction under high illuminance levels were significantly greater in subjects with the C allele than in subjects with the TT genotype.ConclusionsHuman melanopsin gene polymorphism I394T interacted with irradiance in association with pupil size. This is the first evidence suggesting a functional connection between melanopsin gene polymorphism and pupillary light response as an index of non-image forming response to light.

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Operational implications of varying ambient light levels and time‐of‐day effects on saccadic velocity and pupillary light reflex

Cited by 21 publications

References 43 publications

Abnormal Transient Pupillary Light Reflex in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Abnormal Transient Pupillary Light Reflex in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Pupil adaptation corresponds to quantitative measures of autism traits in children

Melanopsin Gene Polymorphism I394T Is Associated with Pupillary Light Responses in a Dose-Dependent Manner

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