Operational optimization of closed-circuit reverse osmosis (CCRO) pilot to recover concentrate at an advanced water purification facility for potable reuse

Gu, Hanyang; Plumlee, Megan H.; Boyd, Michael L.; Hwang, Michael Taeyoung; Lozier, James C.

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2021.115300

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Semi-batch RO is a commercially-available process in which retentate is constantly mixed with fresh feed before recirculation through the RO module ( Efraty, 2012 ). Semi-batch RO (Desalitech’s closed-circuit RO system) was demonstrated to increase water recovery in RO for potable reuse from 85% to 92% through a 2-year pilot test at the Orange County Water District Groundwater Replenishment System (OCWD GWRS) ( Gu et al., 2021 ). Batch and semi-batch RO may also be combined to reduce energy consumption and cost at high water recovery ( Park and Davies, 2021 ), although the combination is not modeled in this study.…”

Section: Contributors To Energy Consumption In Potable Reusementioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the energy consumption of potable water reuse schemes

et al. 2021

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Highlights Data and models were reviewed to estimate energy consumption in potable water reuse. Entire reuse schemes, both direct and indirect, require 1.2 to 2.1 kWh/m 3 . Lowest-energy options include non-RO indirect and RO-based direct potable reuse. Potable reuse requires much less energy than seawater desalination. Pipe network updates and high-permeability membranes would reduce energy use.

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Section: Contributors To Energy Consumption In Potable Reusementioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the energy consumption of potable water reuse schemes

et al. 2021

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“…Currently, advanced water purification facilities (AWPFs) for indirect and direct water reuse and brackish water desalination facilities (BWDFs) utilize ocean/surface water discharge, sewer discharge, land application, deep well injection, and evaporation pond to dispose of the RO concentrate often without any treatment (Xu et al 2013;Hobbs et al 2016;Adams et al 2022). Several technologies have been proposed to improve the freshwater recovery and reduce the volume of RO concentrate, including the removal of scaling constituents by ion exchange or chemical softening (Venkatesan & Wankat 2011), variations of RO processes with vibration and precise control of concentrate discharge, including closed-circuit RO (Efraty et al 2011;Gu et al 2021), and the combination of non-RO desalination processes such as nanofiltration (NF) (Park et al 2017), forward osmosis (Cath et al 2006;Hancock et al 2013), membrane distillation (Kim et al 2016), and electrodialysis reversal (Kawahara 1994). However, these technologies tend to be highly chemical and/or energy-intensive and produce secondary waste streams such as spent resins.…”

Section: Graphical Abstract Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and evaluation of brackish diatoms for the photobiological treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate

Ikehata

Nakamura

Kulkarni

et al. 2022

Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua

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Recently, the use of brackish diatoms has been proposed to remove various inorganic constituents, such as dissolved silica, nutrients, calcium, and bicarbonate, to enhance the freshwater recovery in reverse osmosis (RO). In this study, nine strains of brackish diatoms isolated from water and sediment samples from several evaporation ponds in California and Arizona were examined for their ability to assimilate silica and remove other constituents from RO concentrate. In addition to two previously reported strains, namely Gedaniella flavovirens PEWL001 and Nitzschia communis PEWL002, several new isolates including Halamphora sydowii PEWL004, Nitzschia sp. PEWL008, and Halamphora sp. PEWL011 were found to remove more than 95% of silica, 95% of ammonia and orthophosphate, and more than 50% of calcium and carbonate within 6 days. Two additional G. flavovirens strains (Psetr3 and Psetr7) collected from a brackish lake in Aomori, Japan, also showed rapid dissolved silica uptake (32 mg L−1 day−1) comparable to the one isolated from an agricultural drainage water evaporation pond in the Central Valley, California. This study demonstrated that the brackish diatoms isolated from the evaporation ponds could be useful for the treatment of RO concentrate, which would possibly enable more sustainable desalination processes.

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“…34 The retentate recycle is somewhat analogous to the use of CCRO as an add-on module to concentrate brine from a conventional multistage RO. 5,35 In the membrane flushing mode, the two subsystems are connected in parallel, as shown in Figure 1c. The first subsystem is operated at a reduced recovery given that it has one fewer stage than the whole system.…”

Section: ■ Process Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1−3 In brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) plants, 2 to 3 stages are typically used, reaching a recovery of 80−85%. 4,5 The rejected brine must be disposed in accordance of local ordinances, via means including sewer discharge, deep-well injection, evaporation ponds, and marine outfall. 6 Brine management is costly, especially in inland areas.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,21 A pilot study at Orange County Water District (California, United States) showed the possibility of utilizing CCRO as the fourth stage to concentrate brine from its current three-stage RO system, reaching a total recovery as high as 91%. 5 ROTEC's FRRO is another example of transient and cyclic RO. It is based on the conventional three-stage configuration with additional periodic flow reversal and block rotation characteristics.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Variable Configuration Design for Ultrahigh Recovery Reverse Osmosis Desalination of Brackish Water

Li,

2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A novel transient and cyclic design is proposed for ultrahigh recovery reverse osmosis (RO) desalination of brackish water. The designed system consists of two subsystems, a conventional multistage RO and a flow reversal and retentate recycle RO. The operation periodically switches between two different configurations, a series connection of the two subsystems for full production, and a parallel connection for partial production and flushing of the most concentrated membranes using the undersaturated fresh feed. Such a transient and cyclic design concept incorporates beneficial features of ROTEC's flow reversal RO (FRRO) and DuPont/Desalitech's closed-circuit RO (CCRO) in a single system. It offers operational flexibility at ultrahigh recoveries and requires a slight hardware modification to retrofit existing brackish water RO plants. Dynamic simulations show that concentration hotspots and overshoots are less severe than those in FRRO. It also avoids cycle-to-cycle salt buildups that are inevitable in CCRO given that it is an open-circuit design.

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Operational optimization of closed-circuit reverse osmosis (CCRO) pilot to recover concentrate at an advanced water purification facility for potable reuse

Cited by 28 publications

References 26 publications

Modeling the energy consumption of potable water reuse schemes

Modeling the energy consumption of potable water reuse schemes

Isolation and evaluation of brackish diatoms for the photobiological treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate

Novel Variable Configuration Design for Ultrahigh Recovery Reverse Osmosis Desalination of Brackish Water

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