Operational thresholds of moored ships at the oil terminal of inner port of A Coruña (Spain)

Abstract

Minimizing the stay of a vessel in port can lead to improvements in harbor efficiency. Currently, downtimes of cargo operations or their performance reduction because of excessive vessel motion are especially relevant. This work aims to evaluate the operational conditions of moored vessels in the inner port of A Coruña (Spain), comparing them with motion thresholds established by international standards for cargo operations. To this end, motions of 19 ships were monitored. Data analysis revealed large angular motions, particularly roll and yaw, including amplitudes that exceeded the limiting criteria of the standards in most of the analyzed vessels, with no registered downtime. Regarding linear movements, heave and surge recorded lower amplitudes compared to the values of standard thresholds. The specific behavior of each vessel was analyzed in terms of its size, maritime conditions, and mooring location. Field campaigns such as those performed in this work are an effective way of analyzing the operational conditions of ports, which could help in identifying problems in the mooring zone.

Application of an Analytic Methodology to Estimate the Movements of Moored Vessels Based on Forecast Data

“…The analysis was performed for significant movements. This parameter has commonly been used in similar studies to evaluate the dynamic behavior of a moored vessel during its stay in port [16,20,21]. Also, the use of the significant value assures that motions and wave parameters (significant wave height and peak wave period) are obtained following the same statistical analysis.…”

“…Finally, photogrammetric techniques were employed to measure the heave and surge movements [18] (Figure 2, Center). The methodology used for the measurement of the movements was validated in other studies by the authors of this paper [16]. The measurement equipment consists of three systems that continuously record each of the vessel's degrees of freedom with a frequency of 1 Hz.…”

“…A peak-to-peak criterion was applied to each movement to obtain their amplitudes, except in the case of sway motion, for which the zero-peak criterion was used. Complete time series of each motion were split into blocks of 1-h duration, obtaining the maximum motion amplitude, average motion amplitude, and significant motion amplitude calculated as the average of the highest third for each block [16]. Figure 4 shows a sample of roll motion time series recorded on the bulk carrier vessel WESTERN BOHEME.…”

Formality Model of Chosen Appropriate Tug’s Service by Method of Bslance Handling Forces

“…Port tugs are important for port navigational safety, and different approaches to estimate the quantity and quality of requested tugs in ports (bollard pull) have been implemented [5, 7, 8, Risk factor [16][17][18]. This also applies to transport and logistics systems functioning in pursuit of the sustainable development of these systems [4,16,19,20]. Direct and indirect tugs used in port areas are associated with navigational safety [1,9,[21][22][23].…”

Machine Learning Based Moored Ship Movement Prediction

“…Another frequently used technology is laser equipment [21]. There are only two examples where an extensive monitoring campaign was carried out with different vessel typologies during operation [22,23]. During the past decades, this type of work has focused mainly on the study of the long wave [21,[24][25][26] and to validate physical or numerical models [13,27].…”