Operator‐splitting method for real‐time substructure testing

An overview of research on the development of the hybrid test method is presented. The maturity of the hybrid test method is mapped in order to provide context to individual research in the overall development of the test method. In the pseudo dynamic (PsD) test method, the equations of motion are solved using a time stepping numerical integration technique with the inertia and damping being numerically modelled whilst restoring force is physically measured over an extended timescale. Developments in continuous PsD testing led to the real-time hybrid test method and geographically distributed hybrid tests. A key aspect to the efficiency of hybrid testing is the substructuring technique where the critical structural subassemblies that are fundamental to the overall response of the structure are physically tested whilst the remainder of the structure whose response can be more easily predicted is numerically modelled. Much of the early research focused on developing the accuracy and efficiency of the test method, whereas more recently the method has matured to a level where the test method is applied purely as a dynamic testing technique.Developments in numerical integration methods, substructuring, experimental error reduction, delay compensation and speed of testing have led to a test method now in use as full-scale real-time dynamic testing method that is reliable, accurate, efficient and cost effective.

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“…Therefore, Wu et al, [75] proposed an unconditionally stable predictorcorrector method based on the OSM that is explicit when applied in a RTHT.…”

Section: Operator-splitting Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of seismic hybrid testing of engineering structures

McCrum¹,

Williams

2016

Engineering Structures

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“…Wallace et al [15] determined that when the time delay in the restoring force in the system exceeds a critical value, that system becomes unstable. Wu et al [16] investigated the stability of an SDOF system in presence of actuator delay during a real-time test. Horiuchi et al [8] studied the effects of actuator delay in a real-time test, by means of energy balance approach and showed that a delay by an actuator causes increase in energy content of the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of measurement errors in the restoring force feedback during real-time hybrid simulations

Sorkhabi¹,

Mercan²

2013

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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Real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) is a practical and economical experimental technique that integrates physical testing with computer simulation. In this method by dividing the structure into two parts, known as the experimental and analytical substructures, and synchronizing them, the equations of motion are solved in real-time. Thus, RTHS can capture the load-rate dependencies in an accurate manner. The implementation of RTHS involves challenges in accurate control of experimental substructure, execution of the testing algorithms in realtime as well as the synchronization of signals. One of these challenges is the measurement errors in restoring force feedback resulting from the random electrical noise that is usually inevitable in these testing platforms. Since the measured restoring force is used in command generation, RTHS suffers from error propagation affecting the accuracy and in some cases the stability of the simulation results. In this paper, using a recently developed user-reconfigurable computational/control platform at the University of Toronto, the effects of force feedback errors on the RTHS results will be investigated considering a wide range of experimental to analytical stiffness ratios. The accuracy of the RTHS results will be assessed using tracking indicators that reveal the phase and amplitude errors between the RTHS results and exact numerical solutions.

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“…It solves the equations of motion in a computer by using the restoring forces obtained from an associated quasi-static test. When the substructuring technique is adopted, the online hybrid test, commonly referred to as the substructural online hybrid test [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], is capable of handling large-scale structures. The substructures can be distributed to geographically different locations connected via Internet [11][12][13], which greatly expands the capacity of the online hybrid test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical characteristics of peer‐to‐peer (P2P) internet online hybrid test system and its application to seismic simulation of SRC structure

Wang

Yoshitake

Pan

et al. 2007

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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SUMMARYThe peer-to-peer (P2P) Internet online hybrid test system has been developed for the seismic simulation of a structure. In this study, the stability and accuracy of the system are investigated analytically by studying the spectral radius of the recursive matrix of the test scheme featuring a two-round quasi-Newton test scheme. The applicability of the system is further examined by exploring the seismic responses of a complex structure, a steel-encased reinforced concrete (SRC) structure with a steel tower on the top. The structure is divided into two numerical substructures and one tested part for hybrid test. The numerical substructures are simulated by sophisticated finite element method (FEM) models with material nonlinearities to capture local plastifications. Two types of FEM programs, namely OpenSEES and ABAQUS, which are suitable for the SRC part and the steel tower, respectively, are employed. The results demonstrate that the P2P system is able to simulate complex structures with significant nonlinearities. As compared with the previous study in which two elastic numerical substructures were considered, increase in the number of iterations in this study is not significant, because the associated nonlinearities are limited due to the small time interval adopted in the test.

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Operator‐splitting method for real‐time substructure testing

Cited by 96 publications

References 17 publications

An overview of seismic hybrid testing of engineering structures

An overview of seismic hybrid testing of engineering structures

The effects of measurement errors in the restoring force feedback during real-time hybrid simulations

Numerical characteristics of peer‐to‐peer (P2P) internet online hybrid test system and its application to seismic simulation of SRC structure

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