1998
DOI: 10.2351/1.521836
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Ophthalmoscopic and pathologic description of ocular damage induced by infrared laser radiation

Abstract: This study compares ocular damage effects induced by infrared (IR) lasers in the “eye-safe” wavelength range to those observed following visible wavlength laser exposures. In addition to routine fundus camera and slit-lamp observations, exposed subjects were examined via confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Histopathologic evaluation was conducted on eyes with both visible and IR laser induced focal lesions. IR laser exposure parameters which resulted in corneal, lenticular and/or retinal damage will be det… Show more

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Cited by 16 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…The series of investigations of ocular damage thresholds induced by 1.3-1.4 µm laser radiation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] utilized three Nd laser systems and encompassed a total of four exposure duration regimes from Q-switched to cw. Specific exposure durations for which corneal and/or retinal ED 50 damage thresholds were determined were 50 ns, 350 μs, 0.28 s and 10 s. In general, rhesus subjects were used for retinal ED 50 threshold determinations and Dutch Belted rabbits used for corneal exposure studies, although for the 0.28-s exposures, corneal and lens threshold data were collected from both species and retinal effects were observed in the rabbit but not in the rhesus.…”
Section: Ed 50 Threshold Datamentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The series of investigations of ocular damage thresholds induced by 1.3-1.4 µm laser radiation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] utilized three Nd laser systems and encompassed a total of four exposure duration regimes from Q-switched to cw. Specific exposure durations for which corneal and/or retinal ED 50 damage thresholds were determined were 50 ns, 350 μs, 0.28 s and 10 s. In general, rhesus subjects were used for retinal ED 50 threshold determinations and Dutch Belted rabbits used for corneal exposure studies, although for the 0.28-s exposures, corneal and lens threshold data were collected from both species and retinal effects were observed in the rabbit but not in the rhesus.…”
Section: Ed 50 Threshold Datamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Despite the 1.3-1.4 µm bioeffects studies published earlier by our laboratory [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], investigations of laser-tissue interactions in this wavelength range are few in number and there is a paucity of ocular damage threshold data to support laser safety standard [8,9] maximum permissible exposure levels (MPEs). Ocular tissue absorption coefficients vary rapidly with wavelength across the near-IR and the transition region between the near-IR and far-IR spectral ranges.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A typical NIR retinal lesion did not appear within the first hour post-exposure (Zuclich, Gagliano et al 1995;Zuclich, Schuschereba et al 1997;Zuclich, Zwick et al 1998;Zuclich, Lund et al 2001). By 24-hours post-exposure, the NIR lesions were evident, characterized by a larger more reflective spot compared to the 532-nm argon marker (Zuclich, Schuschereba et al 1997 The NIR lesions appeared to stabilize after 48 hours (Zuclich, Schuschereba et al 1996;Zuclich, Schuschereba et al 1997;Zuclich, Zwick et al 1998).…”
mentioning
confidence: 90%
“…The argon wavelength has much higher absorption within the RPE compared to the 1318-nm wavelength lesions. Pathology and imaging of minimum visible lesions, MVL, from this NIR region revealed minor damage reaching into the choroid with damage centered around the outer neural layer (ONL) (Zuclich, Schuschereba et al 1997;Zuclich, Zwick et al 1998 In observations made as long as two months post exposure, the NIR MVL shapes were irregular and large (Zuclich, Zwick et al 1998). At three months post-exposure, the larger area of inflammation was no longer observed and the smaller circular NIR lesion which was first observed at 24 hours, appeared again.…”
mentioning
confidence: 93%
“…As a result, it was hypothesized that thermal lensing would significantly influence ocular damage thresholds induced by these lasers. 12,[16][17][18][19][20] Damage threshold experiments at 1319 nm using rhesus models indicate that the 24 h ED50 threshold for a 80 ms exposure is 14.5 W of measured power for a 5 mm beam entering the eye, 12 where ED50 is the amount of energy required to create a minimal visible lesion in 50% of exposures. Based on this series of investigations, it was determined that the current ANSI Z136.1-2007 standard (0.072 J ⋅ cm −2 , exposure duration of 1 s for wavelengths between 1200 and 1400 nm) was extremely conservative (approximately 10× lower) than necessary in order to meet the universally accepted margin of safety (10% of the ED50).…”
Section: Safety Considerations At 1319 Nmmentioning
confidence: 99%