“…In pre-weaned calves, Zhang et al (2022) demonstrated that provision of physical enrichment along with pair housing before weaning resulted in more positive outcomes than either management practice alone with physical enrichments showing some impact on cognitive performance. The cognitive abilities of dairy cattle in relation to housing system design was the focus of a review by Nawroth and Rørvang (2022) . In this paper, three potential areas for future study were discussed including cow-calf information transfer, fear attenuation, and cognition around the human-cattle relationship.…”