Opportunities for Nitric Oxide in Potentiating Cancer Immunotherapy

Abstract

Despite nearly 30 years of development and recent highlights of nitric oxide (NO) donors and NO delivery systems in anticancer therapy, the limited understanding of exogenous NO's effects on the immune system has prevented their advancement into clinical use. In particular, the effects of exogenously delivered NO differing from that of endogenous NO has obscured how the potential and functions of NO in anticancer therapy may be estimated and exploited despite the accumulating evidence of NO's cancer therapy-potentiating effects on

In-Tumor Biosynthetic Construction of Upconversion Nanomachines for Precise Near-Infrared Phototherapy

“…Gas therapy (GT) ignites growing attention and has been extensively studied recently owing to its high therapeutic efficacy, of which nitric oxide (NO) plays a regulative role in an immense volume of physiological functions, including immunologic response, cardiovascular homeostasis, and neurotransmission . Motivated by such superiorities, growing endeavors have been made to explore its potential in therapeutic applications, especially cancer therapy . Considering the short half-life of gaseous-state NO, accurate release in a spatiotemporally controllable manner seems to be urgent for available therapy.…”

Core–shell structured carbon dots with up-conversion fluorescence and photo-triggered nitric oxide-releasing properties

“…Compared with active classic oxygen reactive species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), a classic type of nitrogen reactive species (RNS), has been shown in many recent research works to be a promising gas molecule where RNS is independent of the tissue oxygen supply in the tumorigenic microenvironment, which has received more and more attention. 11,12 Low NO concentrations can promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. 13 At high doses, it can inhibit cancer progression by reversing drug resistance, sensitizing tumors to treatment, inducing apoptosis, and delaying metastasis.…”

Deconvoluting nitric oxide–protein interactions with spatially resolved multiplex imaging

“…[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Though NO was identied as a biological messenger almost three decades ago, 18 novel insights into its mechanisms in various pathophysiology have been continually revealed. 4,19,20 Consequently, there emerges an assay demand to explore its implications in diverse biological processes. However, such an assay remains challenging due to the transient nature of NO.…”