Opportunity-driven hydrological model development in US Army research and development programs

Downer, Charles W.; Ogden, Fred L.; Martin, William D.; Harmon, Russell S.

doi:10.1144/sp362.15

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

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“…Three of these have been referenced in earlier sections of this review and show how the US Army has pursued research aimed at equipping soldiers with the tools and knowledge to account for the impact of near-surface hydrology on mobility (Priddy et al 2012), how computer simulation has been used to explore the importance of hydrogeology in remote sensing for explosive threat detection (Howington et al 2012), and how the Department of Defense has researched and developed technologies for environmental cleanup from past military activities (Miller & Foran 2012). A more general paper (Downer et al 2012) discusses the need for hydrological forecasts by the US Army and the history of hydrological modelling and model development undertaken to satisfy that need. The paper includes a description of the Gridded Surface/Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA TM ) model, which has been developed over the last 20 years.…”

Section: Training Research and Technical Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Military aspects of hydrogeology: an introduction and overview

Mather

Rose

2012

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The military aspects of hydrogeology can be categorized into five main fields: the use of groundwater to provide a water supply for combatants and to sustain the infrastructure and defence establishments supporting them; the influence of near-surface water as a hazard affecting mobility, tunnelling and the placing and detection of mines; contamination arising from the testing, use and disposal of munitions and hazardous chemicals; training, research and technology transfer; and groundwater use as a potential source of conflict. In both World Wars, US and German forces were able to deploy trained hydrogeologists to address such problems, but the prevailing attitude to applied geology in Britain led to the use of only a few, talented individuals, who gained relevant experience as their military service progressed. Prior to World War II, existing techniques were generally adapted for military use. Significant advances were made in some fields, notably in the use of Norton tube wells (widely known as Abyssinian wells after their successful use in the Abyssinian War of 1867/1868) and in the development of groundwater prospect maps. Since 1945, the need for advice in specific military sectors, including vehicle mobility, explosive threat detection and hydrological forecasting, has resulted in the growth of a group of individuals who can rightly regard themselves as military hydrogeologists.

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