Opportunity to reduce greenhouse gas by the use of alternative fuels and technologies in urban public transport in Brazil

Assessing Cleaner Energy Alternatives for Bus Transit in Rio de Janeiro: A Life Cycle Inventory Analysis

“…In 2010, the quantity of biodiesel added to D100 reached 5% and recent tests results indicated the possibility of adopting B100 in market segments where the product is available at an attractive price compared with B5 (D'Agosto et al, 2013) [2].…”

“…However, the use of natural gas in buses has not been established. The state government desires to adopt CNG as a partial substitute for B5, which may be used dedicated (CNG) or as a dual-fuel (CNG+B5) (D'Agosto et al, 2013) [2]. The PSDG allows flexibility in fuel choice (CNG or B5), eliminating dependence on a fuel that is difficult to store and prone to shortages (CNG) and ensuring the vehicle's autonomy and allowing an eventual second life in a location that is not supplied with CNG.…”

“…In 2009, nearly 87% of passenger commutes by collective modes in Brazil occurred by the use of standard petroleum diesel powered buses, which were responsible for the emission of 27.8 million t of CO 2 (D'Agosto et al, 2013) [2].…”

“…Furthermore, alternative to diesel technologies allow the use of natural gas in Brazilian buses, dedicatedly or in conjunction with petroleum diesel, and additivated hydrous ethanol (D'Agosto, et al, 2013) [2].…”

“…The relevant data were collected, including a database with 10 years of energy-consumption results on the life cycle of Brazilian fossil fuels (natural gas and D100) (D'Agosto and Ribeiro, 2009) [3] and the results of Brazilian recent experiments using B100, E95 and PSDG (D'Agosto et al 2013) [2].…”