Opposite effects of feedback contingency on the process of risky decisions-making

Torres, Miguel; Megías, Alberto; Catena, Andrés; Cândido, Antônio; Maldonado, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.trf.2016.12.007

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Indeed, risky driving is influenced by a number of variables, among which impulsivity or risk proneness play a prominent role (Megías et al, 2018). In addition, cognitive aspects ( e.g ., attention and decision making) are also thought to influence on-road behaviors (Tagliabue et al, 2013; Torres et al, 2017). Thus, further studies are needed to assess the role of other important personality traits and of cognitive predictors in determining the development of different driving and riding profiles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality Traits and Beliefs About Peers’ On-Road Behaviors as Predictors of Adolescents’ Moped-Riding Profiles

2018

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Several efforts aimed at discriminating between different degrees of on-road risky attitudes have been devoted to the identification of personality profiles among young drivers. However, the results are often inconsistent because of the limits of self-report measures. To overcome these limits, we tried to identify different profiles based on our study participants’ driving performances in a virtual environment and to look for psychological predictors of inclusion in one of three profiles. One-hundred and fourteen inexperienced adolescents were involved in this study, which included two experimental sessions. During the first, before riding along five virtual courses on a moped simulator, participants’ sensation seeking, locus of control, aggressiveness and beliefs about their peers’ on-road behaviors were measured by means of self-report tools. During the second session, the participants drove the simulator along six courses that were different from those faced in the first session. A cluster analysis was run on a wide number of indexes extracted from the participants’ performances to detect different riding profiles. Three profiles emerged (Imprudent, Prudent and Insecure), with specific riding patterns. The profiles also differed in terms of riding safety, assessed by means of the scores automatically given by the simulator to the participants’ performances. Reporting an external locus of control, underestimating peers’ on-road risky behaviors and showing less concern for fate among the possible causes of crashes are predictors that increase the risk of being included in the Imprudent profile. Low levels of dangerous thrill seeking predict inclusion in the Prudent profile, whereas high rates of self-reported anger play a role in discriminating the Insecure riders from the other profiles. The study indicates that it is possible to identify riding profiles with different degrees of on-road safety among inexperienced adolescents by means of simulated road environments. Moreover, inclusion in these profiles is predicted by different patterns of personality variables and beliefs. Further research is needed to verify the validity of these conclusions in real road conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality Traits and Beliefs About Peers’ On-Road Behaviors as Predictors of Adolescents’ Moped-Riding Profiles

2018

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“…Different driving decision studies use different decision tasks (Calisir and Lehto, 2002;Alvaro et al, 2018). In Torres et al (2017), participants were shown images of traffic situations and asked to make decisions on braking tasks. This kind of task was easier to understand and more related to real life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Emotion on Driving Decisions at Different Risk Levels: An Eye Movement Study

et al. 2022

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To explore the influences of traffic-related negative emotions on driving decisions, we induced drivers’ three emotions (neutral emotion, traffic-related negative emotion, and traffic-unrelated negative emotion) by videos, then the drivers were shown traffic pictures at different risk levels and made decisions about whether to slow down, while their eye movements were recorded. We found that traffic-related negative emotion influenced driving decisions. Compared with neutral emotion, traffic-related negative emotion led to an increase in the number of decelerations, and the higher the risk, the more the number of decelerations. The visual processing time of the risk area was shorter in the traffic-related negative emotional state than that in the neutral emotional state. The less time drivers spend looking at the risk area, the faster they make their driving decisions. The results suggest that traffic-related negative emotions lead drivers to make more conservative decisions. This study supports the rationality of using traffic accident materials to conduct safety education for drivers. This article also discussed the significance of traffic-related negative emotions to social security.

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“…Recently, studies aimed at investigating the efficacy of these training methods have demonstrated a positive correlation between a learner’s increased engagement in the task, the efficacy of the training, and the likelihood that the improved ability will translate to actual on-road performance; the degree of engagement is itself increased through the requirements conveyed by instructions and the quality of the feedback delivered (Horswill, 2016b; Horswill et al, 2017). Torres et al (2017) have provided a coherent account of their finding that contingent negative feedback (i.e., losing license points after unsafe decisions in risky scenarios), delivered in response to decisions about whether or not to brake after the presentation of static on-road scenes, yielded to faster and safer decisions. Moreover, Megías et al (2017) showed that performance in a moped-riding simulator became safer (in terms of the number of accidents, average speed, average time exceeding the speed limit) among participants trained via a feedback learning task that delivered emotional feedback (i.e., pictures of real accidents) with negative valence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can On-Road Hazard Perception and Anticipation Be Improved? Evidence From the Body

2019

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The present research is aimed at investigating processes associated with learning how to drive safely. We were particularly interested in implicit mechanisms related to the automatic processing system involved in decision making in risky situations (Slovic et al., 2007). The operation of this system is directly linked to experiential and emotional reactions and can be monitored by measuring psychophysiological variables, such as skin conductance responses (SCRs). We focused specifically on the generalization of previously acquired skills to new and never before encountered road scenarios. To that end, we compared the SCRs of two groups of participants engaged, respectively, in two distinctive modes of moped-riding training. The active group proceeded actively, via moped, through several simulated courses, whereas the passive group watched video of the courses performed by the former group and identified hazards. Results indicate that the active group not only demonstrated improved performance in the second session, which involved the same simulated courses, but also showed generalization to new scenes in the third session. Moreover, SCRs to risky scenes, although present in both groups, were detectable in a higher proportion in the active group, paralleling the degree of risk confronted as the training progressed. Finally, the anticipatory ability demonstrated previously (and replicated in the present study), which was evident in the repeated performance of a given scenario, did not seem to generalize to the new scenarios confronted in the last session.

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Opposite effects of feedback contingency on the process of risky decisions-making

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

Personality Traits and Beliefs About Peers’ On-Road Behaviors as Predictors of Adolescents’ Moped-Riding Profiles

Personality Traits and Beliefs About Peers’ On-Road Behaviors as Predictors of Adolescents’ Moped-Riding Profiles

Influences of Emotion on Driving Decisions at Different Risk Levels: An Eye Movement Study

How Can On-Road Hazard Perception and Anticipation Be Improved? Evidence From the Body

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