Optical amplification in thin optical waveguides with high Er concentration

Federighi, M.; Massarek, I.; Trwoga, P.F.

doi:10.1109/68.196013

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…At Er densities above 10 m , ion-ion interactions allow nonradiative energy transfer between near neighbors through up conversion and cross relaxation involving level 4 ( ) and level 5 ( ). These processes can be modeled by a five-level set of rate equations, of the form [25], [26] (6)…”

Section: Model For Folded Edwasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layout optimization for erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers

Lowe

Syms

Huang³

2002

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-The optical layout of erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers (EDWAs) based on spiral and folded spiral planar lightwave circuits is considered. It is shown that layouts may be ranked according to their ability to provide maximum gain within a given chip area and an optimum layout based on a spiral containing both straight and curved waveguide sections is identified from an initial set. The analysis is initially based on simple geometric principles. A detailed optical simulation is then carried out using an algorithm that links a five-level rate equation model with beam propagation by the method of lines. The results confirm the choice of optimum layout.Index Terms-Erbium-doped waveguide amplifier (EDWA), optical amplifier.

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Section: Model For Folded Edwasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layout optimization for erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers

Lowe

Syms

Huang³

2002

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…n2 is the population in the upper laser level, and k2 is the upconversion constant of about 1 . m3/s [32]. Another model also includes higher order upconversion processes [29], while others have found that the upconversion constant is concentration-dependent [3 11, yielding a cubic equation for the determination of the population inversion. A similar equation appears when the performance degradation is modeled through the observed relation between fluorescence lifetime and the concentration [28], as will be described in detail below.…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare earth-doped integrated glass components: modeling and optimization

Lumholt

Bjarklev

Rasmussen

et al. 1995

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstruct-For the integrated optic erbium-doped phosphate silica amplifier, a comprehensive model is presented which includes high-concentration dissipative ion-ion interactions. Based on actual waveguide parameters, the model is seen to reproduce measured gains closely. A rigorous design optimization is performed, and the influence of variations in the launched pump power, the core cross section, the waveguide length, the erbium concentration, and the background losses are evaluated. Optimal design proposals are given, and the process reproducibility of the proposed optimal design is examined. Requirements for process parameter control in me wafer fabrication are set up.

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“…In the case of stepwise upconversion, the energy transfer of two excited ions results in excitation of a higher energy level. Because two excited ions are involved, the upconversion rate is proportional to k2 N], where k2 is an upconversion constant [18,23].…”

Section: $288mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Major differences between integrated optical amplifiers and fibre amplifiers are high erbium concentrations leading to ion-ion interactions, high background loss that may not be 0306-8919 O 1994 Chapman & Hall S~)85 neglected, and noncircular waveguide modes and erbium distributions. Models including some of these aspects have been reported [15][16][17][18][19] and show that the erbium concentration is the key parameter in designing integrated optical amplifiers. We have developed a numerical propagation model for erbium-doped integrated optical amplitiers that combines most of these aspects; for example, mode profile calculated by the Marcatili method, intensity-dependent overlap integrals, background losses, concentration-dependent lifetime and upconversion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of 1480-nm diode-pumped Er3+-doped integrated optical amplifiers

et al. 1994

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Erbium-doped Y203 integrated optical amplifiers are designed for low-threshold operation and 3dB amplification. The most important design parameter for minimal threshold, the erbium concentration, is found to have an optimum value of 0.35 at% for a given waveguide structure with 1.0dBcm -1 background loss. The corresponding threshold power is 7 mW. The pump power to obtain 3dB gain is found to be 22 mW for an amplifier with an optimum erbium concentration of 0.6at% and 2.8cm length. At 30 mW pump power the maximum gain is shown to be 5 dB.Designing is done using a comprehensive numerical model of an erbium-doped integrated optical amplifier. In the model two-dimensional intensity-dependent overlap integrals are used, which allow arbitrary erbium dopant profiles and waveguide crosssections. Concentration-dependent effects such as quenching and upconversion are also included in the model.Input parameters for the model are determined from measurements on an unoptimized Er : Y203 optical waveguide amplifier. Amplification simulations and gain measurements of the unoptimized waveguides are found to be in close agreement, providing a sound basis for the design calculations.

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Optical amplification in thin optical waveguides with high Er concentration

Cited by 29 publications

References 8 publications

Layout optimization for erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers

Layout optimization for erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers

Rare earth-doped integrated glass components: modeling and optimization

Design of 1480-nm diode-pumped Er3+-doped integrated optical amplifiers

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