Optical analysis of the microstructure of a Mo back contact for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells and its effects on Mo film properties and Na diffusivity

Yoon, Ju Heon; Cho, Sunghun; Kim, Won Mok; Park, Jong Keuk; Baik, Young‐Joon; Lee, Taek Sung; Seong, Tae Yeon; Jeong, Joseph H.

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2011.02.030

Cited by 70 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Starting at 50% for λ = 600 nm and P 1 = 0.27 Pa, it decreases until 25% at P 1 = 4.00 Pa. Similar results were obtained by Yoon et al in a previous study [25]. It can be reasonably concluded that the higher roughness, bulk void fraction and column specific surface result in a lower total reflectance.…”

Section: Mo Bilayers (Mo-1/mo-2)supporting

confidence: 88%

Characteristics of molybdenum bilayer back contacts for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells on Ti foils

Roger¹,

Noël²,

Sicardy³

et al. 2013

Thin Solid Films

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Section: Mo Bilayers (Mo-1/mo-2)supporting

confidence: 88%

Characteristics of molybdenum bilayer back contacts for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells on Ti foils

Roger¹,

Noël²,

Sicardy³

et al. 2013

Thin Solid Films

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“…The samples were also etched in a KCN solution in order to remove unwanted Cu 2−x S phases. It can be expected that the CZTS thin films directly deposited on SLG substrates do not have exactly the same properties of those deposited on Mo-covered SLG substrates, due to the potential diffusion of sodium into the CZTS film [14]. Sodium diffusion into CZTS critically depends on the Mo layer deposition conditions and can be as high as in samples prepared without the Mo layer [14].…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be expected that the CZTS thin films directly deposited on SLG substrates do not have exactly the same properties of those deposited on Mo-covered SLG substrates, due to the potential diffusion of sodium into the CZTS film [14]. Sodium diffusion into CZTS critically depends on the Mo layer deposition conditions and can be as high as in samples prepared without the Mo layer [14]. The addition of sodium significantly increases the grain size of the polycrystalline film [15,16], the free carrier concentration [16] and the concentration of compensating donors [17].…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hopping conduction and persistent photoconductivity in Cu₂ZnSnS₄thin films

González¹,

Ribeiro²,

Viana³

et al. 2013

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The temperature dependence of electrical conductivity and the photoconductivity of polycrystalline Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 were investigated. It was found that at high temperatures the electrical conductivity was dominated by band conduction and nearest-neighbour hopping. However, at lower temperatures, both Mott variable-range hopping (VRH) and Efros-Shklovskii VRH were observed. The analysis of electrical transport showed high doping levels and a large compensation ratio, demonstrating large degree of disorder in Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 . Photoconductivity studies showed the presence of a persistent photoconductivity effect with decay time increasing with temperature, due to the presence of random local potential fluctuations in the Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 thin film. These random local potential fluctuations cannot be attributed to grain boundaries but to the large disorder in Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 .the CZTS absorber layer and the Mo back contact have been pointed out as factors that reduce the solar cell efficiency [4,5]. Strong research efforts have been made in the study of different CZTS synthesis routes [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], CZTS structural and optical properties [2,[6][7][8], as well as in the development of CZTS solar cells [3-5, 9, 10]. However, very little is known about the electrical transport and photoconductivity properties of CZTS thin films and further studies are required.The study of the temperature dependence of electrical transport in semiconductor materials is very important for the knowledge of material parameters, the understanding of the transport and microscopic mechanisms of charge transfer, as well as for the optimization and design of solar cells. Very recently, we have shown that the radiative and non-radiative recombination mechanisms in CZTS thin films are strongly

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“…In general, the increase of grain size leads to a decrease trend in grain boundaries (GBs) in a certain amount per volume, which charge carriers have to cross during the electrical transport [33]. Grain boundaries are 2D defects in the crystal structure and tend to block the carrier transition and increase the resistivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Heating Mode and Temperature on the Microstructures, Electrical and Optical Properties of Molybdenum Thin Films

et al. 2018

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In this paper, molybdenum (Mo) thin films are deposited on soda-lime glass (SLG) substrates by direct current magnetron sputtering and heated in three different modes at different temperatures, including substrate heating, annealing treatment, and both substrate heating and annealing treatment. The effects of heating temperature and heating mode on the structures, morphology, optical and electrical properties of Mo thin films were systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) and UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-vis spectra). It is shown that as the substrate and annealing temperature increase, the crystallinity of Mo thin films is improved, and the grain sizes become bigger. Especially in the mode of both substrate heating and annealing treatment at higher temperature, the obtained Mo thin films show higher crystallinity and conductivity. Moreover, with the increase of substrate and annealing temperature in different heating modes, both the surface compactness of Mo films and the optical reflectance increase correspondingly. Furthermore, the Mo film, prepared at the substrate heating temperature of 400 °C and annealed at 400 °C, showed excellent comprehensive performance, and the resistivity is as low as 1.36 × 10−5 Ω·cm. Using this optimized Mo thin film as an electrode, copper indium gallium selenium (CIGS) solar cells have a maximum photo-conversion efficiency of 12.8%.

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Optical analysis of the microstructure of a Mo back contact for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells and its effects on Mo film properties and Na diffusivity

Cited by 70 publications

References 14 publications

Characteristics of molybdenum bilayer back contacts for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells on Ti foils

Characteristics of molybdenum bilayer back contacts for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells on Ti foils

Hopping conduction and persistent photoconductivity in Cu₂ZnSnS₄thin films

Effects of Heating Mode and Temperature on the Microstructures, Electrical and Optical Properties of Molybdenum Thin Films

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Optical analysis of the microstructure of a Mo back contact for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells and its effects on Mo film properties and Na diffusivity

Cited by 70 publications

References 14 publications

Characteristics of molybdenum bilayer back contacts for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells on Ti foils

Characteristics of molybdenum bilayer back contacts for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells on Ti foils

Hopping conduction and persistent photoconductivity in Cu2ZnSnS4thin films

Effects of Heating Mode and Temperature on the Microstructures, Electrical and Optical Properties of Molybdenum Thin Films

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Hopping conduction and persistent photoconductivity in Cu₂ZnSnS₄thin films