Optical characterisation of nanowire lasers

Church, Stephen; Al-Abri, Ruqaiya; Parkinson, Patrick; Saxena, Dhruv

doi:10.1016/j.pquantelec.2022.100408

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 207 publications

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“…The amount of gain is proposed to be determined by both the design and material quality of the active region. [ 26 ] The losses, on the other hand, will likely be affected by the properties of the lasing cavity, [ 16 ] which is predominantly determined by the reflectivity of the end facets, [ 1 ] along with distributed losses that may be driven by reabsorption of lasing radiation [ 27 ] and waveguide losses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Holistic Nanowire Laser Characterization as a Route to Optimal Design

Church

Patel

Al-Abri

et al. 2023

Advanced Optical Materials

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Nanowire lasers are sought for near‐field and on‐chip photonic applications as they provide integrable, coherent, and monochromatic radiation: the functional performance (threshold and wavelength) is dependent on both the opto‐electronic and crystallographic properties of each nanowire. However, scalable bottom‐up manufacturing techniques often suffer from inter‐nanowire variation, leading to differences in yield and performance between individual nanowires. Establishing the relationship between manufacturing controls, geometric and material properties, and the lasing performance is a crucial step toward optimisation; however, this is challenging to achieve due to the interdependance of such properties. Here, a high‐throughput correlative approach is presented to characterise over 5000 individual GaAsP/GaAs multiple quantum well nanowire lasers. Fitting the spontaneous emission provides the threshold carrier density, while coherence length measurements determine the end‐facet reflectivity. The performance is intrinsically related to the width of a single quantum well due to quantum confinement and bandfilling effects. Unexpectedly, there is no strong relationship between the properties of the lasing cavity and the threshold: instead the threshold is negatively correlated with the non‐radiative recombination lifetime of the carriers. This approach therefore provides an optimisation strategy that is not accessible through small‐scale studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 15 ] However, variation in one or more of the properties such as the NW size, material quality or cavity can lead to significant changes in their performance. [ 16 ] It is therefore essential to develop an experimental understanding of how each of these parameters impact the performance to facilitate future fabrication improvements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holistic Nanowire Laser Characterization as a Route to Optimal Design

Church

Patel

Al-Abri

et al. 2023

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…For example, nanowire lasers, even though they are highly asymmetrical, they are usually very thin, which results in a relatively isotropic emission. 94 Multimodal Use of Microcavity Barcodes. Microcavity barcodes can be simultaneously employed for some other application, such as sensing or imaging.…”

Section: Acs Photonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For lasers of a size close to or less than the wavelength of light, the diffraction of light alone due to their small size makes the emission more omnidirectional. For example, nanowire lasers, even though they are highly asymmetrical, they are usually very thin, which results in a relatively isotropic emission …”

Section: Principles Of Barcoding With the Use Of Microcavities And Mi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microcavity- and Microlaser-Based Optical Barcoding: A Review of Encoding Techniques and Applications

2023

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Optical microbarcodes have recently received a great deal of interest because of their suitability for a wide range of applications, such as multiplexed assays, cell tagging and tracking, anticounterfeiting, and product labeling. Spectral barcodes are especially promising because they are robust and have a simple readout. In addition, microcavity- and microlaser-based barcodes have very narrow spectra and therefore have the potential to generate millions of unique barcodes. This review begins with a discussion of the different types of barcodes and then focuses specifically on microcavity-based barcodes. While almost any kind of optical microcavity can be used for barcoding, currently whispering-gallery microcavities (in the form of spheres and disks), nanowire lasers, Fabry–Pérot lasers, random lasers, and distributed feedback lasers are the most frequently employed for this purpose. In microcavity-based barcodes, the information is encoded in various ways in the properties of the emitted light, most frequently in the spectrum. The barcode is dependent on the properties of the microcavity, such as the size, shape, and the gain materials. Various applications of these barcodes, including cell tracking, anticounterfeiting, and product labeling are described. Finally, the future prospects for microcavity- and microlaser-based barcodes are discussed.

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“…a wavelength of 872.9 nm. The small variation in lasing wavelength mostly likely corresponds to a change in dominant cavity mode that is common in these types of NW lasers [38].…”

Section: Vertical Assembly Of Multiple Devices: Micro-lens Coupled Na...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced transfer printing with in-situ optical monitoring for the integration of micron-scale devices

Guilhabert

Bommer

Wessling

et al. 2022

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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Transfer printing integration of planar membrane devices on photonic and electronic circuits is becoming a well established technology. Typical systems incorporate a single planar layer printed into full contact with the host substrate. In this work we present an advanced transfer print system that enables printing of optical devices in non-planar geometries and allows in-situ optical monitoring of devices. We show microresonators with air-clad whispering gallery modes coupled to onchip waveguides, inverted device printing and three dimensionally assembled micro-cavities incorporating semiconductor microlenses and nanowire lasers. We demonstrate printing onto nonstandard substrates including optical chip facets and singlemode fibre ends. The optical fibre printing was carried out with alignment assistance from in-situ optical coupling through the transfer printing system in real-time allowing active alignment of the system.

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Optical characterisation of nanowire lasers

Cited by 14 publications

References 207 publications

Holistic Nanowire Laser Characterization as a Route to Optimal Design

Holistic Nanowire Laser Characterization as a Route to Optimal Design

Microcavity- and Microlaser-Based Optical Barcoding: A Review of Encoding Techniques and Applications

Advanced transfer printing with in-situ optical monitoring for the integration of micron-scale devices

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