Optical Design of Transparent Thin Metal Electrodes to Enhance In‐Coupling and Trapping of Light in Flexible Polymer Solar Cells

Salinas, José-Francisco; Yip, Hin‐Lap; Chueh, Chu‐Chen; Li, Chang‐Zhi; Maldonado, José‐Luis; Jen, Alex K.‐Y.

doi:10.1002/adma.201203099

Cited by 129 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In addition to exhibiting unique optical properties, metallic electrodes consisting of nanohole arrays can exhibit lower resistivity compared to ITO, making them viable transparent plasmonic front electrodes for OPV applications. 45 Semitransparent or optically thin planar metal electrodes [125][126][127]158 (formed directly by thermal evaporation) exhibit beneficial optical properties for transparent front electrode applications that can contribute to improved optoelectronic device performance. For example, Neutzner et al built an inverted P3HT:PCBM solar cell with an ∼8-nm thick Ag film which acted as the transparent front electrode and a 100-nm Ag film as the back electrode.…”

Section: Optical Effects Of Plasmonic Transparent Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic electrodes for bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaics: a review

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Here, we review recent progress on the integration of plasmonic electrodes into bulkheterojunction organic photovoltaic devices. Plasmonic electrodes, consisting of thin films of metallic nanostructures, can exhibit a number of optical, electrical, and morphological effects that can be exploited to improve performance parameters of ultrathin photovoltaic active layers. We review the various types of plasmonic electrodes that have been incorporated into organic photovoltaics such as nanohole, nanowire, and nanoparticle arrays and grating electrodes and their impact on various device performance parameters. The use of plasmonic back electrodes can impact device performance in a number of ways because the mechanisms of performance improvements are often a complex combination of optical, electrical, and structural effects. Inverted bulk heterojunction device architectures have been shown to benefit from the multifunctionality of plasmonic back electrodes as they can minimize space-charge effects and reduce hole carrier collection lengths in addition to providing improved light localization in the active layer. The use of semi-transparent plasmonic electrodes can also be beneficial for organic photovoltaics as they can exhibit a variety of optical properties such as light scattering, light localization, extraordinary transmission of light, and absorption-induced transparency, in addition to providing an alternative to metal oxide-based transparent electrodes. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Section: Optical Effects Of Plasmonic Transparent Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic electrodes for bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaics: a review

et al. 2015

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“…Moreover, indium element easily penetrates to organic active layer and causes the performance degradation of the organic optoelectronic devices [2]. Due to the above mentioned drawbacks, alternative candidates such as ultrathin metal films [3,4], random metal nanowires [5- Nanostructured metal-based thin films have attracted much attention as one of the promising candidates for TEs. Harnessing the intrinsic high conductivity of metals that gives low sheet resistance, high transmittance can be achieved simultaneously by nano-structuring metal films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High optical transmittance of aluminum ultrathin film with hexagonal nanohole arrays as transparent electrode

Du¹,

Yue²,

Wang³

et al. 2016

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We fabricate samples of aluminum ultrathin films with hexagonal nanohole arrays and characterize the transmission performance. High optical transmittance larger than 60% over a broad wavelength range from 430 nm to 750 nm is attained experimentally. The Fano-type resonance of the excited surface plasmon plaritons and the directly transmitted light attribute to both of the broadband transmission enhancement and the transmission suppression dips. electrode based on a metal nanotrough network," Nat. Nanotechnol. 8(6), 421-425 (2013

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“…Ag has the highest OT and lowest R s among metals, and is ductile. 50,51,52 However, even though Ag has a high OT compared to other metals, a thin film of Ag (>10 nm) has a low OT compared to ITO film. 53 Therefore, most Ag electrodes are used as semitransparent electrodes.…”

Section: Ag Electrodes For Organic Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Use of a semitransparent electrode can cause a microcavity effect, which improves the optical property of devices. 50,54 Destructive interferences within the microcavity reduce the internal reflection of OLEDs. Ultrathin Ag electrodes are promising for this function because of OTs and R s s that are comparable to or better than those of ITO electrodes.…”

Section: Ag Electrodes For Organic Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transparent electrode of nanoscale metal film for optoelectronic devices

Lee

2015

J. Photon. Energy

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Abstract. This paper reviews the principles, impediments, and recent progress in the development of ultrathin flexible Ag electrodes for use in flexible optoelectronic devices. Thin Ag-based electrodes are promising candidates for next-generation flexible transparent electrodes. Thin Ag-based electrodes that have a microcavity structure show the best device performance, but have relatively low optical transmittance (OT) due to reflection and absorption of photons by the thin Ag; this trait causes problems such as spectral narrowing and change of emission color with viewing angle in white organic light-emitting diodes. Thinning the Ag electrode to < − 10 nm thickness (ultrathin Ag) is an approach to overcome these problems. This ultrathin Ag electrode has a high OT, while providing comparable sheet resistance similar to indium tin oxide. As the OT of the electrode increases, the cavity is weakened, so the spectral width of the emission and the angular color stability are increased.

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Optical Design of Transparent Thin Metal Electrodes to Enhance In‐Coupling and Trapping of Light in Flexible Polymer Solar Cells

Cited by 129 publications

References 42 publications

Plasmonic electrodes for bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaics: a review

Plasmonic electrodes for bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaics: a review

High optical transmittance of aluminum ultrathin film with hexagonal nanohole arrays as transparent electrode

Transparent electrode of nanoscale metal film for optoelectronic devices

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