Optical detection of radio waves through a nanomechanical transducer

Bagci, T.; Simonsen, Anders; Schmid, Silvan; Villanueva, L. G.; Zeuthen, Emil; Appel, J.; Taylor, Jacob M.; Sørensen, Anders S.; Usami, Koji; Schließer, Albert; Polzik, E. S.

doi:10.1038/nature13029

Cited by 459 publications

(510 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Over the past few years, several experiments have demonstrated precise control over optical and mechanical states through continuous optomechanical driving, including coherent state transfer [20,35,36] and microwaveto-optics conversion [12,37,38]. Due to the unavailability of the regime of single-photon strong cooperativity, strong drive fields have to be used in order to achieve the wanted coupling strength [39].…”

Section: Mechanical Response To Optical Pulsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-classical correlations between single photons and phonons from a mechanical oscillator

Riedinger

Hong

Norte

et al. 2016

Nature

468

437

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Interfacing a single photon with another quantum system is a key capability in modern quantum information science. It allows quantum states of matter, such as spin states of atoms [1,2], atomic ensembles [3,4] or solids [5], to be prepared and manipulated by photon counting and, in particular, to be distributed over long distances. Such light-matter interfaces have become crucial to fundamental tests of quantum physics [6] and realizations of quantum networks [7]. Here we report non-classical correlations between single photons and phonons -the quanta of mechanical motion -from a nanomechanical resonator. We implement a full quantu protocol involving initialization of the resonator in its quantum ground state of motion and subsequent generation and read-out of correlated photon-phonon pairs. The observed violation of a Cauchy-Schwarz inequality is clear evidence for the non-classical nature of the mechanical state generated. Our results demonstrate the availability of on-chip solid-state mechanical resonators as light-matter quantum interfaces. The performance we achieved will enable studies of macroscopic quantum phenomena [8] as well as applications in quantum communication [9], as quantum memories [10] and as quantum transducers [11,12].Over the past few years, nanomechanical devices have been discussed as possible building blocks for quantum information architectures [9,13]. Their unique feature is that they combine an engineerable solid-state platform on the nanoscale with the possibility to coherently interact with a variety of physical quantum systems including electronic or nuclear spins, single charges, and photons [14,15]. This feature enables mechanics-based hybrid quantum systems that interconnect different, independent physical qubits through mechanical modes.A successful implementation of such quantum transducers requires the ability to create and control quantum states of mechanical motion. The first step -the initialization of micro-and nanomechanical systems in their quantum ground state of motion -has been realized in various mechanical systems either through direct cryogenic cooling [16,17] or laser cooling using microwave [18] and optical cavity fields [19]. Further progress in quantum state control has mainly been limited to the domain of electromechanical devices, in which mechanical motion couples to superconducting circuits in the form of qubits and microwave cavities [15]. Recent achievements include single-phonon control of a micromechanical resonator by a superconducting flux qubit [16], the generation of quantum entanglement between quadratures of a microwave cavity field and micromechanical motion [20], * This work was published in Nature 530, 313-316 (2016 Interfacing mechanics with optical photons in the quantum regime is highly desirable because it adds important features such as the ability to transfer mechanical excitations over long distances [9,24]. In addition, the available toolbox of single-photon generation and detection allows for remote quantum state control [7]. However...

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Section: Mechanical Response To Optical Pulsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-classical correlations between single photons and phonons from a mechanical oscillator

Riedinger

Hong

Norte

et al. 2016

Nature

468

437

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Its transmitter uses an electro-optomechanical (EOM) converter [19][20][21][22][23] in which a mechanical resonator entangles signal and idler fields emitted from microwave and optical cavities [19,20]. Its receiver employs another EOM device-operating as a phase-conjugator and a wavelength converter-whose optical output is used in a joint measurement with the retained idler.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Quantum Illumination

et al. 2015

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Quantum illumination is a quantum-optical sensing technique in which an entangled source is exploited to improve the detection of a low-reflectivity object that is immersed in a bright thermal background. Here, we describe and analyze a system for applying this technique at microwave frequencies, a more appropriate spectral region for target detection than the optical, due to the naturally occurring bright thermal background in the microwave regime. We use an electro-optomechanical converter to entangle microwave signal and optical idler fields, with the former being sent to probe the target region and the latter being retained at the source. The microwave radiation collected from the target region is then phase conjugated and upconverted into an optical field that is combined with the retained idler in a joint-detection quantum measurement. The error probability of this microwave quantum-illumination system, or quantum radar, is shown to be superior to that of any classical microwave radar of equal transmitted energy.

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“…Also, unlike the metal coating, graphene does not add any noticeable mass to the membrane which is an advantage for high sensitivity applications, such as, e.g., the optical detection of radio waves with metallized silicon nitride membrane resonators. 5 The lower mass achieved by SiN-G membranes as compared to SiN-Al membranes used in the reference would improve the quantum efficiency of radio frequency (RF)-to-optical conversion by up to 4 times (by the ratio of the masses). Finally, the use of graphene overcomes the complications of charging effects in SiN membranes, which has shown to be difficult to control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Recently, such a hybrid optoelectromechanical system has been realized based on SiN-Al membranes. 5 For these applications, it is essential to have a strong electromechanical coupling relative to the mechanical properties of the membrane.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-layer graphene on silicon nitride micromembrane resonators

Schmid

Bagci

Zeuthen

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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Due to their low mass, high quality factor, and good optical properties, silicon nitride (SiN) micromembrane resonators are widely used in force and mass sensing applications, particularly in optomechanics. The metallization of such membranes would enable an electronic integration with the prospect for exciting new devices, such as optoelectromechanical transducers. Here, we add a single-layer graphene on SiN micromembranes and compare electromechanical coupling and mechanical properties to bare dielectric membranes and to membranes metallized with an aluminium layer. The electrostatic coupling of graphene covered membranes is found to be equal to a perfectly conductive membrane, without significantly adding mass, decreasing the superior mechanical quality factor or affecting the optical properties of pure SiN micromembranes. The concept of graphene-SiN resonators allows a broad range of new experiments both in applied physics and fundamental basic research, e.g., for the mechanical, electrical, or optical characterization of graphene. V C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx

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Optical detection of radio waves through a nanomechanical transducer

Cited by 459 publications

References 32 publications

Non-classical correlations between single photons and phonons from a mechanical oscillator

Non-classical correlations between single photons and phonons from a mechanical oscillator

Microwave Quantum Illumination

Single-layer graphene on silicon nitride micromembrane resonators

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