Optical Emission Analysis of Slag Surface Conditions and Furnace Atmosphere during Different Process Stages in Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)

Aula, Matti; Mäkinen, A.; Leppänen, Ahti; Huttula, Marko; Fabritius, Timo

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2015-042

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The feasibility of analysing slag compositions from arc plasma with on-line optical emission spectrometry (OES) has been previously studied at the laboratory scale 10) and the feasibility of measuring optical emission spectrum from industrial EAF has been demonstrated. 11,12) During these measurements, it was found that the arc emission spectrum of EAF is dominated by the atoms originating from the slag components. The connection between arc emission spectrum and slag components suggest that the arc emission spectrum can be used to analyse the composition of the slag.…”

Section: On-line Analysis Of Cr 2 O 3 Content Of the Slag In Pilot Scmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-line Analysis of Cr2O3 Content of the Slag in Pilot Scale EAF by Measuring Optical Emission Spectrum of Electric Arc

et al. 2017

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Section: On-line Analysis Of Cr 2 O 3 Content Of the Slag In Pilot Scmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-line Analysis of Cr2O3 Content of the Slag in Pilot Scale EAF by Measuring Optical Emission Spectrum of Electric Arc

et al. 2017

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“…impossibility to install sensors inside the EAF. 4) To overcome this drawback, shell furnace's vibrations, has become an important source of information about the arc coverage level. For example in 5) vibrations were used to determine the foamy slag height in an AC furnace, similar results were reported in a DC furnace in.…”

Section: Electric Arc Coverage Indicator For Ac Furnaces Using a Lasementioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Arc Coverage Indicator for AC Furnaces Using a Laser Vibrometer and Neural Networks

Erives-Sánchez

Micheloud

2018

ISIJ Int.

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“…Experimentally, Aula et al used optical emission spectroscopy (OES) as an online analysis tool to estimate the Cr 2 O 3 content of the slag in a pilot‐scale EAF [ 12 ] and to analyze the melting process and slag surface conditions in an industrial EAF. [ 13 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimentally, Aula et al used optical emission spectroscopy (OES) as an online analysis tool to estimate the Cr 2 O 3 content of the slag in a pilot-scale EAF [12] and to analyze the melting process and slag surface conditions in an industrial EAF. [13] In this work, the applicability of the OES as an online analysis tool has been evaluated in an industrial EAF. Because the electric arc forms plasma, the qualities of the arc spectra can be analyzed with plasma diagnostics from the OES spectra.…”

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Optical Emission Spectroscopy as an Online Analysis Method in Industrial Electric Arc Furnaces

Pauna

Aula

Seehausen³

et al. 2020

steel research int.

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Electricity-based steelmaking with electric arc furnaces (EAFs) has been increasing during the past decades, currently amounting to around a third of the global steel production. [1] Reasons for this, to name a few, are lower carbon dioxide emissions and better energy efficiency compared with the traditional ore-based steelmaking. [1,2] Furthermore, favoring the recycled metal as the raw material over the ore-based steelmaking has a key role in sustainable resource and energy use. [3] Due to these reasons, electricity-based steelmaking can be expected to increase even more in the future. Recycled metal is one of the main raw materials for an EAF. One of the downsides of the recycled metal is its highly varying composition and particle size. Thus, the composition of the slag that accumulates on top of the molten steel is unique for every batch. The slag is quantitatively a major byproduct in the steelmaking but the varying composition causes problems for the final slag product. [4] A common way to determine the slag composition is to make an offline X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, which requires careful sample preparation [5] causing a time delay between the slag sampling and obtaining the XRF results. [6] Therefore, the results of the XRF slag composition analysis have limited use during the melting process in practice. In contrast, online evaluation of the slag composition would allow the furnace operator to decide how much and which additive materials, such as lime or ferrosilicon, should be added before the end of the melt. Also, the timing of these additions could be adjusted to optimal instances. By getting the information of the slag composition in advance, the operator would be able to plan the use of additive materials from the resource use and efficiency point of view. Due to the demand for sophisticated modeling of the EAF processes and experimental validation of the methods, the fundamental EAF research has increased over the years. Especially, the online measurements and modeling have gained a lot of attention from the steel industry because online data analysis would contribute to more efficient resource use, real-time modification of the steel composition, and anticipation of abnormal and even hazardous phenomena in the furnace. From the melting point of view, Logar et al. [7] developed a computational model that can be used online due to low computational demand to estimate the heat transfer coefficient in the EAF. Fathi et al. [8] presented a computational model to estimate the arc energy distribution to conductive, convective, and radiative heat transfer processes with low enough computation times for online applicability. Li et al. [9] have proposed a model that combines offline and online aspects of the EAF process to adjust the electrode regulation system to optimum practice. Khoshkhoo et al. [10] introduced a model for efficient power control of EAFs that uses

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Optical Emission Analysis of Slag Surface Conditions and Furnace Atmosphere during Different Process Stages in Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

On-line Analysis of Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Content of the Slag in Pilot Scale EAF by Measuring Optical Emission Spectrum of Electric Arc

On-line Analysis of Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Content of the Slag in Pilot Scale EAF by Measuring Optical Emission Spectrum of Electric Arc

Electric Arc Coverage Indicator for AC Furnaces Using a Laser Vibrometer and Neural Networks

Optical Emission Spectroscopy as an Online Analysis Method in Industrial Electric Arc Furnaces

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