Next generation devices for telecommunication and related applications will rely on the development of materials which possess optimized physical properties that are compatible with packaging requirements for systems in planar or fiber form. This allows suitable "integration" to existing fiber-based applications and hence requires appropriate consideration to material choice, its stability and long-term aging behavior. Included within this chapter are results of recent efforts to engineer materials suitable for such integration. First, needs for integrated optics and the attractiveness of chalcogenide-based glasses (ChGs) are reviewed. Second, the flexibility offered within the As-S-Se glass system is discussed, and comparisons are drawn between glasses in bulk and film forms. Following a description of the chemical systems and the properties evaluated on materials in bulk glass and film form, results of efforts to create components and characterize key structural attributes of such elements are described. The property differences and characterization tools employed to realize these data are presented. Efforts have been made in these studies to process and characterize the resulting structures in the form to be used in their final device geometry. Lastly, the ability to photo-induce changes within these glasses are discussed and key issues of such modification are reviewed. Described are results of efforts to tailor optical properties concurrent with structural stability, and to evaluate changes to these properties which result during photo-modification and subsequent aging.
Chalcogenide Glasses for Near-Infrared (NIR) OpticsTwo characteristics of As-S-(Se) compounds -a large glass forming region and a wide optical transmission band, with potentially low loss for the 1.3-1.55 µm telecommunications window -make them excellent candidates for infrared guiding applications. The ability to process these glasses in substantial quantities in their bulk form, and their demonstrated capability of fabricating good optical quality thin films formed by thermal evaporation and other deposition techniques, enables the realization of relatively low cost As-S-(Se) integrated optical components. With appropriate consideration of function and application, such components can be "integrated" onto a single "chip" or substrate.In complementary work to that described elsewhere in this text, we and our collaborators have demonstrated a range of optical functions that can be realized in these glasses, including rare earth (Pr and Er) doping and emission in key telecommunication wavelengths, fabricationPhoto-Induced Metastability in Amorphous Semiconductors. Edited by Alexander V. Kolobov