Optical Identification of Middle Ear Infection

Prasad, Alisha; Hasan, Syed Mohammad Abid; Gartia, Manas Ranjan

doi:10.3390/molecules25092239

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…As AMR problem worsens, there is a lack of ideal medications for otitis media treatment, and severe cases may result in hearing impairment. [6][7][8][9] To tackle this, researchers have been striving to develop novel antibiotic alternatives, such as zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs), and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Each of these drugs has its own strengths in antibacterial properties, yet they also come with their own limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AMP-Coated TiO2 Doped ZnO Nanomaterials Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity and Efficacy in Otitis Media Treatment by Elevating Hydroxyl Radical Levels

Bai,

Zhang,

Cai

et al. 2024

IJN

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Background: In the past decades, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been a major threat to global public health. Long-term, chronic otitis media is becoming more challenging to treat, thus the novel antibiotic alternative agents are much needed. Methods: ZnO@TiO 2 @AMP (ATZ NPs) were synthesized through a solvothermal method and subjected to comprehensive characterization. The in vitro and in vivo antibacterial effect and biocompatibility of ATZ NPs were evaluated. For the antibacterial mechanism exploration, we utilized the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectrometer to detect and analyze the hydroxyl radicals produced by ATZ NPs. Results: ATZ NPs exhibited a spherical structure of 99.85 nm, the drug-loading rate for ZnO was 20.73%, and AMP within ATZ NPs was 41.86%. Notably, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of ATZ NPs against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) were 10 μg/mL, and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) value of ATZ NPs against S. aureus, and S. pneumoniae were 50 μg/mL. In comparison to the model group, the treatment of otitis media with ATZ NPs significantly reduces inflammatory exudation in the middle ear cavity, with no observable damage to the tympanic membrane. Both in vivo and in vitro toxicity tests indicating the good biocompatibility of ATZ NPs. Moreover, EPR spectroscopy results highlighted the superior ability of ATZ NPs to generate hydroxyl radicals (•OH) compared to ZnO NPs. Conclusion: ATZ NPs exhibited remarkable antibacterial properties both in vivo and in vitro. This innovative application of advanced ATZ NPs, bringing great promise for the treatment of otitis media.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AMP-Coated TiO2 Doped ZnO Nanomaterials Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity and Efficacy in Otitis Media Treatment by Elevating Hydroxyl Radical Levels

Bai,

Zhang,

Cai

et al. 2024

IJN

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“…Several advanced techniques and devices have been developed that probe these aspects of OM-such as better effusion detection through acoustic reflectometry (Muderris et al, 2013), "shortwave" light (Carr et al, 2016) or terahertz light (Ji et al, 2016), or by tracking TM mobility precisely using vibrometry (Kim et al, 2019). A comprehensive review of devices that can assess the ear for OM can be found in literature (Locke et al, 2020;Prasad et al, 2020). While many of these non-invasive optical characterization methods exist, no single technique provides a comprehensive picture of the infection state, which can capture both the structural and biochemical changes of the tissue (e.g., inflammation of TM, fluid presence and composition, presence of a biofilm, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal Handheld Probe for Characterizing Otitis Media — Integrating Raman Spectroscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography

et al. 2022

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Otitis media (OM) is a common disease of the middle ear, affecting 80% of children before the age of three. The otoscope, a simple illuminated magnifier, is the standard clinical diagnostic tool to observe the middle ear. However, it has limited contrast to detect signs of infection, such as clearly identifying and characterizing middle ear fluid or biofilms that accumulate within the middle ear. Likewise, invasive sampling of every subject is not clinically indicated nor practical. Thus, collecting accurate noninvasive diagnostic factors is vital for clinicians to deliver a precise diagnosis and effective treatment regimen. To address this need, a combined benchtop Raman spectroscopy (RS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) system was developed. Together, RS-OCT can non-invasively interrogate the structural and biochemical signatures of the middle ear under normal and infected conditions.In this paper, in vivo RS scans from pediatric clinical human subjects presenting with OM were evaluated in parallel with RS-OCT data of physiologically relevant in vitro ear models. Component-level characterization of a healthy tympanic membrane and malleus bone, as well as OM-related middle ear fluid, identified the optimal position within the ear for RS-OCT data collection. To address the design challenges in developing a system specific to clinical use, a prototype non-contact multimodal handheld probe was built and successfully tested in vitro. Design criteria have been developed to successfully address imaging constraints imposed by physiological characteristics of the ear and optical safety limits. Here, we present the pathway for translation of RS-OCT for non-invasive detection of OM.

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“…1 Before the age of seven, almost every child will experience at least one episode of ear infection. 2 Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most prevalent bacterium pathogen. Other microorganisms that cause this type of inflammation of the middle ear include Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of otitis media with dental caries in children: a systematic review

Aziz

Dawar²,

Jan³

et al. 2022

J REHMAN MED INST

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Introduction: Otitis media, also known as middle ear infection, refers to any inflammation of the middle ear. It may be attributable to bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae (most commonly involved), though viruses can also cause middle ear infection. It affects the pediatric group during the first three years of life, with 80% youngsters having had one otitis media episode at the minimum by age three years, 50% having had at least three episodes, while a smaller number experience their first episode after age three years. This phenomenon has also been linked to an increased presence of Streptococcus mutans which in turn raises the risk of acquiring dental caries. Objective: To determine whether an association exists between middle ear infection and the high occurrence of Streptococcus mutans that ultimately leads to dental caries in children and causes poor oral hygiene problems. Materials & Methods: A comprehensive and well-organized search of published articles was conducted in February 2022. The investigation was conducted using the Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews. Articles that fulfilled the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were appraised with respect to the key objectives of the review. Results: Based on the findings of the studies highlighted in this systematic review, not only was there a positive correlation between middle ear infection and dental caries, but some data were also supplied on the nature of the link between early childhood caries and middle ear infection. Conclusion: Increased Streptococcus mutans levels in early childhood together with other contributory risk factors such as middle ear infection could enhance the incidence of early childhood dental caries.

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Optical Identification of Middle Ear Infection

Cited by 3 publications

References 89 publications

AMP-Coated TiO2 Doped ZnO Nanomaterials Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity and Efficacy in Otitis Media Treatment by Elevating Hydroxyl Radical Levels

AMP-Coated TiO2 Doped ZnO Nanomaterials Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity and Efficacy in Otitis Media Treatment by Elevating Hydroxyl Radical Levels

Multimodal Handheld Probe for Characterizing Otitis Media — Integrating Raman Spectroscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography

Association of otitis media with dental caries in children: a systematic review

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