Optical image-combiner OR gate and optical AND gate using beam fanning effect in BaTiO3 crystals

Design of the smart optoelectronic NOT gate based on directional couplers

“…guide devices, titanium-indiffused LiNbO Ti: LiNbO is 3 3 the most mature and well-developed technology. Therefore, a Ti: LiNbO directional coupler is a good choice for the 3 design of smart photonic logic gates. The method to implement a directional coupler for z-cut Ti: LiNbO is described 3 w x as follows 8 .…”

“…Hence, the key problem with the polarization rotation of the optical mode can be easily solved. In addition, the electrooptic effect would be influenced by the electric field distribution in the LiNbO waveguide, so it is also important to 3 arrange the electrode and choose the crystal orientation.…”

“…Hence, the best way to improve the nonlinear operation is to employ devices with a linear function, such as Ti: LiNbO directional coupler switches. 3 This paper is organized as follows. Section II describes the configuration of the smart optoelectronic NOT gate.…”

Design of the Smart Optoelectronic Exclusive OR Gate Based on Directional Couplers

“…Many researches have successfully completed all-optical logic operations in photorefractive materials such as BaTiO 3 crystals by following the self-pumped phase conjugate mirror (SPPCM) technique [1][2][3][4]. Kwong et al first reported a real time XOR operation accomplished with an image subtraction using SPPCM [1].…”

Incoherent optical XOR logic gate and image subtractor with series self-pumped phase conjugators

“…[1][2][3][4][5] These devices are based on optical interference between mutually coherent input channels. 7 In principle, after the AND, OR, and NOT gates have been developed, any optical logical computing system can be built with them. Using a technique to induce and stop the self-pumped phase conjugate waves, Qiu et al 6 were able to perform single channel logical OR, NOT, and NOR operation for mutually incoherent inputs.…”