Optical investigations and optical constant of nano lithium niobate deposited by spray pyrolysis technique with injection of Li2CO3 and Nb2O5 as raw materials

A sight of view on electrical impacts, structural properties and surface roughness of tungsten trioxide thin film: effect of substrate temperatures in WO3/Si device fabrication

“…As a result, the crystallinity decreased at higher temperatures [7,34]. Debye-Scherrer equation was used to compute the average crystallite size of WO 3 films which is given by [16,35],…”

“…This oxide has energy-gap 2.6 to 3.6 eV and substantial absorption coefficient, making it a viable candidate for use in many applications such as front contacts in solar cells, Schottky barrier, gas sensors and other applications [5][6][7]. Different techniques have been used for thin WO 3 films preparation such as thermal reactive evaporation [8], sputtering [9], electro-deposition [10], anodization [11], pulsed laser deposition [12], chemical vapour deposition [13], sol-gel deposition [5,14], and spray pyrolysis [15,16]. Spray pyrolysis is a powerful deposition technique because it provides low-cost starting materials, high layer stoichiometry control, and most importantly, large-area coatings by using low-cost tools and low-energy requirements [17].…”

Optical Characteristics of Vitamin D3 Soft Gel

“…5, "optical refractive index" (n) Fig. 6, and {real(ԑr) and imaginary (ԑi)}" optical dielectric constant"valuesFig.7 and 8, which are shown in Table 3, using the following equations [11][12][13][14][15][16]:…”

Preparation of LiNbO3 nanoparticles by green synthesis laser ablation in water

“…Because of its excellent piezoelectric, electrooptic, non-linear optical, and acousto-optic properties [10][11][12], LN is regarded as a crucial ferroelectric material that is widely used in optical switches, optical telecommunications, and second harmonic generation imaging probes [13][14][15]. Nanomaterials of lithium niobate have been prepared by various methods, for instance, sputtering [16][17][18], molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) [19][20][21], MOCVD [22][23][24], sol-gel method [25][26][27], spin coating [28][29][30], PLD [31][32][33], wet-chemical [34][35][36], and solution-phase [37][38][39]. Due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, one-step process, lack of catalyst requirements, high purity, and good control over the size and morphology of the nanoparticles, laser ablation of nanoparticles in a liquid medium is considered one of the most interesting and promising routes [40][41][42][43][44].…”