Optical Isomerism in Drugs

Wermuth, Camille G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-417205-0.00018-3

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…As we all know, there are pharmacodynamic differences between the compounds which are optically active isomers ( Wermuth, 2015 ). Borneol is a bicyclic compound with three chiral carbon atoms and several optical isomers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Borneol Intervention for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review

Ren

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Background: Borneol is a terpene and bicyclic organic compound that can be extracted from plants or chemically synthesized. As an important component of proprietary Chinese medicine for the treatment of stroke, its neuroprotective effects have been confirmed in many experiments. Unfortunately, there is no systematic review of these studies. This study aimed to systematically examine the neuroprotective effects of borneol in the cascade reaction of experimental ischemic stroke at different periods.Methods: Articles on animal experiments and cell-based research on the actions of borneol against ischemic stroke in the past 20°years were collected from Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and other biomedical databases. Meta-analysis was performed on key indicators in vivo experiments. After sorting the articles, we focused on the neuroprotective effects and mechanism of action of borneol at different stages of cerebral ischemia.Results: Borneol is effective in the prevention and treatment of nerve injury in ischemic stroke. Its mechanisms of action include improvement of cerebral blood flow, inhibition of neuronal excitotoxicity, blocking of Ca2+ overload, and resistance to reactive oxygen species injury in the acute ischemic stage. In the subacute ischemic stage, borneol may antagonize blood-brain barrier injury, intervene in inflammatory reactions, and prevent neuron excessive death. In the late stage, borneol promotes neurogenesis and angiogenesis in the treatment of ischemic stroke.Conclusion: Borneol prevents neuronal injury after cerebral ischemia via multiple action mechanisms, and it can mobilize endogenous nutritional factors to hasten repair and regeneration of brain tissue. Because the neuroprotective effects of borneol are mediated by various therapeutic factors, deficiency caused by a single-target drug is avoided. Besides, borneol promotes other drugs to pass through the blood-brain barrier to exert synergistic therapeutic effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Borneol Intervention for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review

Ren

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…In addition, it seems that there is a high enzyme specificity for the gut metabolization of ellagic acid ( 9 ). 31–33 Therefore, we focused the synthesis of gallic acid dimers on the scaffold lacking the ortho C–C bond, which is one of the most detrimental factors for tridimensionality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimeric polyphenols to pave the way for new antimalarial drugs

et al. 2023

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Chiral separation in the class of proton pump inhibitors by chromatographic and electromigration techniques: An overview

et al. 2021

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Chiral separation in the class of proton pump inhibitors by chromatographic and electromigration techniques: An overviewProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are benzimidazole-derivative chiral sulfoxides, frequently used in the treatment of gastric hyperacidity-related disorders. Due to their stereoselective metabolism, the eutomeric forms of PPIs can present a more advantageous pharmacokinetic profile by comparison with the distomers or racemates. Moreover, two representatives of the class are used in therapy both as racemates and as pure enantiomers (esomeprazole, dexlansoprazole). A relatively large number of enantioseparation methods employed for the stereoselective determination of PPIs from pharmaceutical, biological, and environmental matrices were published in the past three decades. The purpose of the current overview is to provide a systematic survey of the available chiral separation methods published since the introduction of PPIs in the therapy up to the present. Analytical and bioanalytical methods using different chromatographic and electromigration techniques reported for the enantioseparation of omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole, ilaprazole, and tenatoprazole are included. The analytical conditions of the presented methods are summarized in three comprehensive tables, while a critical discussion of the applied techniques, possible mechanism of enantiorecognition, and future perspectives on the topic are also presented.

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Optical Isomerism in Drugs

Cited by 4 publications

References 77 publications

Progress in Borneol Intervention for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review

Progress in Borneol Intervention for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review

Dimeric polyphenols to pave the way for new antimalarial drugs

Chiral separation in the class of proton pump inhibitors by chromatographic and electromigration techniques: An overview

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