Optical neuroimaging: advancing transcranial magnetic stimulation treatments of psychiatric disorders

Abstract

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been established as an important and effective treatment for various psychiatric disorders. However, its effectiveness has likely been limited due to the dearth of neuronavigational tools for targeting purposes, unclear ideal stimulation parameters, and a lack of knowledge regarding the physiological response of the brain to TMS in each psychiatric condition. Modern optical imaging modalities, such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy and diffuse optical tomography, are promising tools for the study of TMS optimization and functional targeting in psychiatric disorders. They possess a unique combination of high spatial and temporal resolutions, portability, real-time capability, and relatively low costs. In this mini-review, we discuss the advent of optical imaging techniques and their innovative use in several psychiatric conditions including depression, panic disorder, phobias, and eating disorders. With further investment and research in the development of these optical imaging approaches, their potential will be paramount for the advancement of TMS treatment protocols in psychiatry.

From Lab to Life: Exploring Cutting-Edge Models for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

“…Neuroimaging techniques and brain stimulation such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (PET/MRI), electroencephalography, and TMS are powerful tools for exploring the brain mechanisms underlying language processing and recovery in various neurological and psychiatric disorders [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. These techniques can measure hemodynamic, metabolic, and electrophysiological changes in the brain regions involved in language function, as well as modulate their activity and connectivity [ 42 , 45 , 46 ].…”

“…Neuroimaging techniques and brain stimulation such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (PET/MRI), electroencephalography, and TMS are powerful tools for exploring the brain mechanisms underlying language processing and recovery in various neurological and psychiatric disorders [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. These techniques can measure hemodynamic, metabolic, and electrophysiological changes in the brain regions involved in language function, as well as modulate their activity and connectivity [ 42 , 45 , 46 ]. By applying these techniques to different populations, such as patients with fMRI-related anxiety, epilepsy, or aphasia, researchers can gain insights into the factors that affect language performance and plasticity and develop novel interventions to enhance language rehabilitation [ 47 , 48 , 49 ].…”

The Use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Attention Optimization Research: A Review from Basic Theory to Findings in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Depression

“…Coil design and positioning contribute to the precision of stimulation, allowing researchers to target specific brain regions. Therapeutic applications: TMS is used in various therapeutic applications, including the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders like depression [ 50 ]. Optical neuroimaging involves using various optical techniques to visualize and monitor brain activity.…”

“…Optical neuroimaging involves using various optical techniques to visualize and monitor brain activity. When applied to TMS, optical methods could explore psychiatric disorders [ 50 ]. Optical neuroimaging involves using various optical techniques to visualize and monitor brain activity.…”

Portable Diffuse Optical Tomography for Three-Dimensional Functional Neuroimaging in the Hospital

“…Unlike fNIRS, DOT incorporates multiple NIR wavelengths, overlapping channels, and a wider range of source-detector distances for more sophisticated data acquisition [19]. It has successfully been used clinically for research in stroke, epilepsy, cancer, arthritis, cortical evoked responses, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and depression [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. By offering volumetric and three-dimensional analyses then, DOT is an ideal option for bedside functional neuroimaging in the hospital environment.…”