Optical Performance Monitoring

Kilper, Daniel C.; Bach, R.; Blumenthal, D.J.; Einstein, D.S.; Landolsi, Taha; Ostar, L.M.; Preiss, M.; Willner, Alan E.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2003.822154

Cited by 395 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Moreover, the OPM should be: passive, remotely configurable and low cost compared to conventional test equipment. Depending on the type of physical parameters which are used to perform OPM, one can distinguish basic OCM and advanced signal quality monitoring (Kilper et al 2004a). Nowadays, OCM becomes very common in WDM systems.…”

Section: Optical Performance Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For an IA-RWA strategy to be actually implemented, one needs to consider also fundamental aspects like enabling OIM for indirect evaluation of signal quality or enabling direct OPM (Kilper et al 2004b). In 2004, ITU-T defined a list of OPM parameters that might be used for impairment-aware RWA (ITUG697): (a) residual GVD, (b) total EDFA input and output powers, (c) a channel's optical power budget, (d) OSNR and (e) Q-factor -as an estimator of the overall optical performance.…”

Section: Other Demands and Considerations Related To Ia-rwamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Signal Processing, Management and Monitoring in Transmission Networks

Vázquez

Montalvo

Ahmed

et al. 2011

Optical Transmission

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1higher, linear and non-linear fibre impairments become prominent factors affecting the signal quality. Thus, new techniques in both physical layer and network layer are necessary for mitigating impairments to accommodate high-speed traffic (Tomkos et al. 2002). On the other hand, the flexibility of modern networks with dynamic and distributed management, where lightpaths can be dynamically and automatically assigned end-to-end, increases the risk of changing path conditions that affect signal quality and consequently quality of service (QoS) over the lifetime of a connection as well as for subsequent connection set-up requests (on-demand routing and wavelength assignment -RWA). For traditional connection provisioning an ideal physical layer, ignoring transmission impairments (Chlamtac et al. 1992) could be assumed because the implicit per hop regeneration (optics-to-electronics-to-optics conversion -O/E/O) compensated signal impairments hop-by-hop in a rather static manner (section commissioning). For end-to-end all-optically switched connections using photonic cross-connect switches (PXC), the conditions change and common practice is not applicable. Anyhow, intelligent connection provisioning is an important traffic engineering problem, and minimising operational cost as well as efficiently utilising network resources is the main driver. In this context, it seems important to have flexible routing protocols that take into consideration the most relevant physical impairments, and are able to exchange messages with their values as part of the route information with others. This condition, if definitely used to calculate routing, will surely assure better success in data delivery over the network (Huang et al. 2005). Irrespective of the control architecture chosen by an operator of an optical network, the included control plane (in charge of setting up and tearing down optical circuits; also known as lightpaths) needs to have a proper set of tools to satisfyingly deal with physical impairments. The most essential tools are: optical signal monitoring, signal processing and impairment compensation techniques (each all-optically and/or electrically). With the help of these tools, it is possible to predict the QoT (quality of transmission) attainable for a lightpath at a given time (i.e. the latest network-wide monitoring instant), and the control plane can route requests across the network

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Section: Optical Performance Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Demands and Considerations Related To Ia-rwamentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Processing, Management and Monitoring in Transmission Networks

Vázquez

Montalvo

Ahmed

et al. 2011

Optical Transmission

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“…The capacity increases are contributed by dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) with large channel counts. Optical performance monitoring (OPM) is essential for managing such high capacity optical transmission and switching systems [2]. One of important parameters to estimate is chromatic dispersion (CD), which is a significant factor degrading the performance of optical communication systems [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Electronic Domain Chromatic Dispersion Monitoring Scheme Insensitive to OSNR Using Kurtosis

Kim

Lee

Chung

et al. 2008

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

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In this paper we present an electronic domain solution for chromatic dispersion (CD) monitoring algorithm based on the estimated time domain channel in electronic domain using channel estimation methods. The proposed scheme utilizes kurtosis as a CD measurement, directly computed from the estimated inter-symbol-interference (ISI) channel due to the CD distortion. Hence, the proposed scheme exhibits robust performance under OSNR variation, in contrast to the existing electronic domain approach based on minimum mean squared error (MMSE) fractionally-spaced equalizer taps [1]. The simulation results verify the CD monitoring ability of the proposed scheme.

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“…There are several techniques proposed to identify various sources of degradation accumulated during propagation in optical fiber and components [1] [2]. In particular asynchronous monitoring methods have been proposed [3], mainly due to the motivation to avoid clock extraction at monitoring sites along the light path.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%