Optical Properties of Planetary Atmospheres

Sobolev, V.V.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-017934-6.50016-4

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Radiometric correction includes radiative-transfer-based atmospheric correction [27,28]. Aerosol optical depth is estimated over dark water and dense dark vegetation objects [29,30] using multiple scattering [18,31]. The usage of the Dark Object Database [18] to restrain aerosol optical depth estimation to permanent dark targets, was deprecated.…”

Section: Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

FORCE—Landsat + Sentinel-2 Analysis Ready Data and Beyond

Frantz

2019

Remote Sensing

207

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Ever increasing data volumes of satellite constellations call for multi-sensor analysis ready data (ARD) that relieve users from the burden of all costly preprocessing steps. This paper describes the scientific software FORCE (Framework for Operational Radiometric Correction for Environmental monitoring), an ‘all-in-one’ solution for the mass-processing and analysis of Landsat and Sentinel-2 image archives. FORCE is increasingly used to support a wide range of scientific to operational applications that are in need of both large area, as well as deep and dense temporal information. FORCE is capable of generating Level 2 ARD, and higher-level products. Level 2 processing is comprised of state-of-the-art cloud masking and radiometric correction (including corrections that go beyond ARD specification, e.g., topographic or bidirectional reflectance distribution function correction). It further includes data cubing, i.e., spatial reorganization of the data into a non-overlapping grid system for enhanced efficiency and simplicity of ARD usage. However, the usage barrier of Level 2 ARD is still high due to the considerable data volume and spatial incompleteness of valid observations (e.g., clouds). Thus, the higher-level modules temporally condense multi-temporal ARD into manageable amounts of spatially seamless data. For data mining purposes, per-pixel statistics of clear sky data availability can be generated. FORCE provides functionality for compiling best-available-pixel composites and spectral temporal metrics, which both utilize all available observations within a defined temporal window using selection and statistical aggregation techniques, respectively. These products are immediately fit for common Earth observation analysis workflows, such as machine learning-based image classification, and are thus referred to as highly analysis ready data (hARD). FORCE provides data fusion functionality to improve the spatial resolution of (i) coarse continuous fields like land surface phenology and (ii) Landsat ARD using Sentinel-2 ARD as prediction targets. Quality controlled time series preparation and analysis functionality with a number of aggregation and interpolation techniques, land surface phenology retrieval, and change and trend analyses are provided. Outputs of this module can be directly ingested into a geographic information system (GIS) to fuel research questions without any further processing, i.e., hARD+. FORCE is open source software under the terms of the GNU General Public License v. >= 3, and can be downloaded from http://force.feut.de.

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Section: Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

FORCE—Landsat + Sentinel-2 Analysis Ready Data and Beyond

Frantz

2019

Remote Sensing

207

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“…is the angle between an incident ray and the normal to the surface, and a(l,a,O,8,, qSo) is the scattering transmission coefficient. The scattering transmission coefficient has been obtained by an approximate solution of the radiative transfer and radiative equilibrium equations using the method of directional averaging of the radiation intensity (Sobolev, 1975 The wavelength shift, A1, in an emission line due to a relative velocity V, between the emitting particle and the observing station is…”

Section: Diverging (Converging) Wind Pattern Could Be Deduced From Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric scattering effects on ground-based measurements of thermospheric winds

Abreu

Schmitt

Hays

et al. 1983

Planetary and Space Science

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Inherent in observations of thermospheric winds from the ground with the Fabry-Perot interferometer is the assumption that the measured Doppler shift is a property ofthe source medium viewed by the instrumental line of sight. However, ground based airglow observations in regions of weak airglow emission near large intensity gradients may be contaminated by scattered light. Light from areas where the emission is strong can be scattered by the lower atmosphere into the field of view of the observations. Thermospheric winds deduced from the observed Doppler shifts will then show apparent convergence or divergence with respect to the site of observation. Examples of this effect are found in observations by the Michigan Airglow Observatory station located near the aurora1 zone at Calgary, Alberta. Simulation calculations based upon an experimental model for a significant scattering atmosphere also showed results with either convergence or divergence in the apparent neutral wind field observed by the station.

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“…Their unit is (W m −2 sr −1 nm −1 ). These source functions include not only the internal sources of radiation but also implicitly account for diffuse light emanating from an elementary volume of the atmosphere (Sobolev, 1975). The aforementioned source functions are fully determined by the radiance field of the n th scattering order, that is,

{I}_{n}^{-}

and

{I}_{n}^{+}

in Figure 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed Assessment of Multiple‐Scattering Effects on Night‐Sky Brightness Modeling in Turbid Environments: The Impact of Truncation and Convergence Errors

Kocifaj,

Wallner,

Gueymard

2024

JGR Atmospheres

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Detailed modeling of the night‐sky brightness (NSB) is needed to pinpoint environmental impacts caused by artificial light at night. This becomes progressively more intricate with longer distances to emission sources or under high atmospheric turbidity. In such cases, the multiple‐scattering processes that affect light propagation become increasingly critical. To detect and quantify the potential errors caused by popular approximations like single or double scattering in current models, a rigorous multiple‐scattering model is used here. It integrates an advanced method of resolution based on the successive orders of scattering that can provide analytical “exact” solutions. With this tool, it is found that simplistic approaches lead to numerical predictions violating physics principles, resulting in incorrect outcomes that can have profound implications in a large variety of research areas. To avoid this, it is proposed to force the convergence of the modeled radiance to its true value through a carefully controlled process, by which the contribution from the remaining higher‐scattering terms to the modeled radiative property is kept below the specified error tolerance. For green light, it is found that, for a turbid atmosphere with an aerosol optical depth larger than 0.3 and an asymmetry parameter exceeding 0.7, four scattering orders are needed to compute the zenith radiance 60‐km away from the light source within an experimental error tolerance of 10%.

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Optical Properties of Planetary Atmospheres

Cited by 25 publications

References 11 publications

FORCE—Landsat + Sentinel-2 Analysis Ready Data and Beyond

FORCE—Landsat + Sentinel-2 Analysis Ready Data and Beyond

Atmospheric scattering effects on ground-based measurements of thermospheric winds

Detailed Assessment of Multiple‐Scattering Effects on Night‐Sky Brightness Modeling in Turbid Environments: The Impact of Truncation and Convergence Errors

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