“…For MgO, this energy is 7.9 eV [25]. For BST films, this energy is within 3.9-5.1 eV [26], i.e., the difference in the potential box depth is of the order of 3-4 eV. Due to tunneling, electrons will "flow" to the deeper poten tial well until band edges become leveled at the appeared electrostatic energy.…”