2015
DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.000918
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Optical-resolution photoacoustic endomicroscopy in vivo

Abstract: Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) has become a major experimental tool of photoacoustic tomography, with unique imaging capabilities for various biological applications. However, conventional imaging systems are all table-top embodiments, which preclude their use in internal organs. In this study, by applying the OR-PAM concept to our recently developed endoscopic technique, called photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE), we created an optical-resolution photoacoustic endomicroscopy (OR-PAEM) system, … Show more

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Cited by 80 publications
(85 citation statements)
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“…In addition to ongoing challenge of finding an acoustic matching medium that does not need replacement, as we discussed in our recent report on this OR-PAEM work [59], another urgent task is to increase the sensitivity of the imaging probe. In this study, we achieved a 29 dB SNR for the 3-µm diameter microsphere illuminated by a 500-nJ pulse energy in a 9.2 µm beam diameter, which yielded a surface fluence of ~44 mJ/cm 2 , about two times greater than the ANSI safety limit (20 mJ/cm 2 ) for allowable skin laser fluence [62].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…In addition to ongoing challenge of finding an acoustic matching medium that does not need replacement, as we discussed in our recent report on this OR-PAEM work [59], another urgent task is to increase the sensitivity of the imaging probe. In this study, we achieved a 29 dB SNR for the 3-µm diameter microsphere illuminated by a 500-nJ pulse energy in a 9.2 µm beam diameter, which yielded a surface fluence of ~44 mJ/cm 2 , about two times greater than the ANSI safety limit (20 mJ/cm 2 ) for allowable skin laser fluence [62].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…More detailed information on the imaging probe and peripheral systems is available in our recent report [59].…”
Section: Design and Construction Of The Or-paem Probe And Peripheral mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is an excellent avenue for interrogating angiogenesis and blood content in highly aggressive tumors, and shows great potential for molecular imaging [5]. PAI and Photoacoustic Tomography (PAT) have been developing for many years in both clinical and preclinical regimes with applications in skin [6] and breast cancer [7,8], lymph node mapping [9][10][11], and endoscopy [12,13]. These technique relies on absorption of light to create contrast, a phenomenon that is governed by both tissue optical properties and light fluence.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fully encapsulated AR-PAM endoscopes have been demonstrated by Yang et al [17,18] using a single mode fiber and an actuation system for the beam steering. Recently OR-PAM images have been acquired by the same group using a device with an outer diameter of 3.4 mm and a lateral resolution of 9.2 μm [19]. OR-PAM by using a MMF has been demonstrated by Papadopoulos et al in [20].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%