Optical Transport Properties of Graphene Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Mid-Infrared Band

Wang, Yindi; Liu, Hongxia; Wang, Shulong; Cai, Ming; Ma, Lan

doi:10.3390/cryst9070354

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Graphene can be considered as a two-dimensional material, and its surface conductivity σ is related to the radiation angular frequency ω, chemical potential μ, and relaxation time. The conductivity of monolayer graphene can be obtained from Kubo formula [10] int 0 1…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given a working wavelength 6550 nm, the relationship between graphene electrical conductivity and chemical potential is shown in Figure 2. The chemical potential of graphene can be tuned by external applied voltage [10]. The chemical potential of the graphene layer can be determined by the carrier concentration n0…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the phase shift of the graphene SPPs wave can be adjusted. The graphene SPPs phase The chemical potential of graphene can be tuned by external applied voltage [10]. The chemical potential of the graphene layer can be determined by the carrier concentration n 0…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also suffer large decoherence and exhibit large ohmic losses, which limit their application in light manipulation equipment. In this context, it is necessary to search for more excellent SPP materials to realize high tunability, lower transmission loss and stronger constraint [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical Phase Control Based on Graphene Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Mid-infrared

et al. 2020

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Phase modulation of light is the core of many optoelectronic applications, such as electro-optic switch, sensors and modulators. Graphene Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) exhibit unique properties in phase modulation including dynamic tunability, a small driving voltage and small device size. In this paper, the novel phase modulation capability of graphene SPPs in mid-infrared are confirmed through theory and simulation. The results show that graphene SPPs can realize continuous tuning of the phase shift at multiple wavelengths in mid-infrared, covering the phase range from 0 • to 360 • . Based on these results, a sandwich waveguide structure of dielectric-graphene-dielectric with a device length of 800 nm is proposed, which shows up to 381 • phase modulation range at an operating wavelength of 6.55 µm, given a 1 V driving voltage. In addition, the structure size is much shorter than the wavelength in mid-infrared and can realize sub-wavelength operation. This work paves the way to develop graphene-based tunable devices for mid-infrared wave-front control.Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 576 2 of 10 optical devices such as modulators, polarizers, sensors, etc. Due to their tunability and small size, these graphene-based devices have advantages over traditional devices. In addition, graphene has been proven to support SPPs from a mid-infrared band to THz and SPPs bound to the surface of doped graphene, which exhibit a number of favorable properties [16,17]. The ability to fabricate large-sized, high-crystalline samples enables the lifetime of SPPs to reach hundreds of optical cycles, making graphene a potential alternative for precious metal SPPs [12].The phase modulation of light is at the core of many applications and much research [18]. Phase modulation in mid-infrared can be applied to the design of a phased array radar, atmospheric communication equipment, mid-infrared detector, etc. [19,20]. It is a huge challenge to accomplish the design of these devices efficiently with a small device size [21]. However, traditional phase modulators in mid-infrared are mainly based on waveguides employing electro-optic materials such as GaAs and LiNbO 3 , which have large device sizes and require high external driving voltages [22,23]. Besides, these phase modulators suffer relatively large power dissipation and weak tunability, which greatly limits their application in light manipulation equipment. In this context, graphene SPPs shows great potential in mid-infrared phase modulation, which exhibits unique properties as a phase modulation platform with dynamic tunability, small footprint and small drive voltage [21]. The carrier concentration of graphene can be tuned over a wide range by electrostatic gate [24,25]. However, at present, the study of mid-infrared phase modulation based on graphene is mostly confined to the regulation function of graphene, and the application of graphene SPPs in mid-infrared phase modulation has not been studied systematically. This paper theoretically demonstrates the phase modulation of mid-infrare...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical Phase Control Based on Graphene Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Mid-infrared

et al. 2020

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“…Using theoretical derivation and soft simulation, the excellent transmission characteristics of graphene surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in mid-infrared band were analyzed and verified effectively by Wang et al [25]. The graphene SPPs show unique properties in the mid-infrared region including ultra-compact mode confinement and dynamic tunability, which allow these SPPs to overcome the defects of metal SPPs and traditional silicon-based optoelectronic devices.…”

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confidence: 96%