Optical waveguide intersections without light leak

By a comparative study and by calibration, Raman spectroscopy is established as a nondestructive method for the determination of the monomer concentration in solid poly(methy1 methacrylate) samples. Although the effect of the internal field on the refractive index and on the Raman intensity of a polymer solution in a monomer is considered, the Raman scattering cross section of the carbonyl stretching vibration of the monomer turns out to be more than twice as large as that of the polymer.

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“…8 means 23 h polymerization at 50 "C followed by additional polymerization at 60°C for 16 h Sample no. 6…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐destructive determination of the residual monomer content in polymers by Raman spectroscopy

Dywan¹,

Hartmann²,

Klauer³

et al. 1993

Makromol. Chem.

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“…The use of this solution is illustrated by the provision of exact solutions for the cases of waveguides reflected from a perfect mirror at angles of 45° and 60° respectively. The first case arises from applying the reflection principle to the 90° crossover without light leakage (Kurokawa & Oikawa 1977). The second case follows from applying the reflection principle to our new solution for the 60° intersection of three guides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some exact slab transmission line solutions for planar dielectric waveguiding structures

Hewson-Browne

Kendall

1990

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A

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The concept of the transmission line, which has proved so fruitful in electronics generally, is adapted for application to planar dielectric waveguiding structures. The possibility of such structures losing signal strength through radiation, and the difficulty of assessing this power loss, is well known in opto-electronics. Here, it is shown that the slab transmission line may be used to obtain exact solutions for open waveguiding structures that have hitherto been unapproachable by such simple means. A new class of waveguide intersections is discovered. The latter have the property that they consist entirely of guided waves, and there is no general radiation. These simple structures may be regarded as outer solutions, where the inner solution depends on the precise structure of the region of intersection. The new solutions predict the possibility of manufacturing new structures which in principle achieve total transmission around a corner at which a waveguide is reflected from a metal or a dielectric mirror. General applications, and applications to opto-electronics using the concept of the effective dielectric constant are discussed. The solutions also provide accurate controls for numerical methods of solution.

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Polymer thin film optical waveguide

Kato

Komatsu

Kawamoto

et al. 1982

Electron. Comm. Jpn. Pt. I

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Polymers that are suitable for thin films are also used as materials for hybrid optical IC's; however, it is not easy in general to get a high refractive index change in the waveguide using these materials. To remove this difficulty, we have used copolymers of glycidyl methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylic acid, doped with cinnamic acid; this acid was directly photolocked, by ultraviolet exposure, to the epoxy rings of glycidyl methacrylic acid. Eventually, a refractive index change as large as 2% was achieved. Single‐mode optical waveguides with various widths were fabricated by means of the present method, and the dependence of the loss on the waveguide width and the loss in a bend were measured.

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Optical waveguide intersections without light leak

Cited by 23 publications

References 2 publications

Non‐destructive determination of the residual monomer content in polymers by Raman spectroscopy

Non‐destructive determination of the residual monomer content in polymers by Raman spectroscopy

Some exact slab transmission line solutions for planar dielectric waveguiding structures

Polymer thin film optical waveguide

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